DopGE: RELATIONSHIPS OF FLORIDEAE AND ASCOMYCETES 167 
general the trichogyne of the red algae is a rather simple structure 
of quite constant type, being nothing more than an outgrowth or 
prolongation of the egg cell into a narrow tube. In certain cases, 
as in Batrachospermum (Fic. 4, B), it is a short club-shaped body 
projecting but little from the carpogonium. In Nemalion, Lia- 
gora, Helminthora, belonging to the Helminthocladiaceae, and per- 
haps ina majority of the species, it is a much longer thin filament 
(FIG. 4, F), which may be curved slightly to one side (Fic. 4, A). 
Somewhat more complicated are the trichogynes of Dudresnaya, 
Polyides, Bonnemaisonia, etc., where it is an extremely long and 
thread-like organ, several times spirally coiled near its base (Fic. 
5, C). Some question exists as to whether or not the trichogyne 
possesses a nucleus of its own and is therefore an independent cell 
unit. It is commonly held that the trichogyne is simply an out- 
growth of the egg cell, and that it is morphologically equivalent 
to the receptive spot in the egg of Oedogonium, Vaucheria, etc. 
Davis (34) claims that the trichogyne of Batrachospermum is 
provided with a chromatophore and nucleus of its own although 
there is no septum cutting them off from the egg. This has been 
denied by Osterhout (69) and Schmidle (77), and by Lewis (58) for 
Grifithsia Bornetiana also. Yamanouchi (97) is very positive in 
in his assertion that the trichogyne of Polysiphonia has a distinct 
nucleus. 
No cases have been reported where a septum is found between 
the carpogonium and its trichogyne before fertilization. After ferti- 
lization it is commonly 
gyne bya thickening of the narrow connecting portion, and Sturch 
(87) asserts that in Harveyella mirabilis a septum is laid down 
after fertilization between the trichogyne and carpogonium (Fic. 
4, E). Harper has described the replacement of the wall, broken 
down during fertilization, for Pyronema (53). Asimilar method of 
blocking off trichogyne cells after fertilization has been described 
by Stahl, Baur, and Miss Bachmann for the lichens, and by Miss 
Fraser for Lachnea cretea. In many forms of the algae the carpo- 
genic branch originates beneath the surface of the thallus. In such 
cases the trichogyne growing out obliquely from the carpogonium 
turns directly outward and penetrates any convenient opening 
between the surrounding filaments (Fic. 4, A). The object to 
