174 DopGE: RELATIONSHIPS OF FLORIDEAE AND ASCOMYCETES 
cells of the ascogonium are all to be considered morphological 
equivalents arising by reduplication at different stages out of 
some primitive type of egg outgrowth such as we find in the 
gonimoblasts of Nemalion. 
Phillips (72) has shown that the. cystocarp formation in a 
number of species of the Rhodymeniales differs from that in the 
Gigartinales in that the auxiliary cell is derived from the basal cell 
of the carpogenic branch or is its sister cell. The conjugating 
tube or outgrowth from the carpogonium is very similar to that 
found in Harveyella. 
Yamanouchi (97) has described in some detail the development 
of the fusion cell in Polysiphonia by the union of the auxiliary cell 
with the basal cells of the carpogenic branch and other adjacent 
sterile cells. He claims that the union between the carpogonium 
and the fusion cell takes place by means of a specially formed 
connecting ‘‘auxiliary” cell. In the Gigartinales and Rhody- 
meniales the carpogenic branch is so curved over as to bring the 
carpogonium into the near neighborhood of the auxiliary cell. 
In Callithamnion, a type of the group Ceramiales, the entire 
process of fertilization and the secondary fusions between the 
carpogonium and the auxiliary cells has been studied by Oltmanns 
(68). Paired auxiliary mother-cells are formed on either side of 
the main axis. One of the mother-cells divides, the lower portion 
giving rise to the short procarpic branch. At the same time a 
basal cell is cut off from each mother-cell, leaving the auxiliary 
cells above (Fic. 5, A). After fertilization the carpogonium grows 
out into two short odblastema filaments each of which unites with 
an auxiliary cell carrying over a daughter nucleus of the fertilized 
egg. The auxiliary cell now contains two nuclei, the original auxil- 
iary cell nucleus and a daughter nucleus of the fertilized egg. Cell 
division takes place cutting off the auxiliary cell nucleus below, 
leaving only the descendant of the egg above (Fic. 5, B), from which 
the sporogenous filaments are developed. The nuclei of the 
auxiliary cells degenerate without taking any part in spore forma- 
tion. 
A very simple and clear description of cystocarp formation in 
Prionitis Lyallii has been given by Daines (28). The curved, 
five- or six-celled carpogenic branch is entirely imbedded in the 
