DopGE: RELATIONSHIPS OF FLORIDEAE AND ASCOMYCETES 181 
ascocarp: (1) the typical angiocarp or cleistocarp of Schroeter’s 
Plectascineae with no hymenial layer or paraphyses in parallel 
arrangement, and the perithecium of the Erysiphaceae (Fic. 8, 
A) which bursts irregularly; (2) the discocarp or apothecium, 
the type commonly supposed to be possessed by most Discomy- 
cetes, for example, the well-known fruit body of Ascobolus fur- 
furaceus (F1G. 9, B) where the hymenium is at first entirely closed 
over and is later exposed by the expansion of the asci and growth 
of the paraphyses; (3) the pyrenocarp of the vast majority of 
Pyrenomycetes typically provided with an ostiole through which 
the spores are expelled (Fic. 8, C); (4) the true gymnocarp, such 
as that of Ascodesmis, Pyronema (Fic. 11, B), Ascobolus magnificus 
(Fic. 11, A), Lachnea stercorea (F1G. 10), L. scutellata, and the 
Exoasci. 
The use of such terms as angiocarpous, pseudo-angiocarpous, 
hemi-angiocarpous, etc., has come to be quite loose. As noted, 
Persoon (71) divided the fungi into two groups on the basis of the 
form of the mature fruit. De Bary and other morphologists of 
his time extended the use of the term angiocarp to those imma- 
ture fruit bodies in which the hymenial layer is covered by a 
peridium. The term angiocarp, or cleistocarp, has long been 
used to distinguish the closed type of fruit in various classes of 
plants, and the older writers from Persoon on describe fungi in 
which the hymenium is enclosed by a peridium or rind as angio- 
carpous. As it is always possible to determine whether the asci 
(and paraphyses, if present) arise endogenously this use of the 
term is perfectly clear and should be maintained. The distinc- 
tion between cleistocarpic, discocarpic, and gymnocarpic must 
be based on the method of origin of the hymenial layer rather than 
merely on the question as to the envelopment of the ascogonium. 
Most ascogonia are very soon more or less covered by enveloping 
hyphae. The real distinction lies between such forms as A scobolus 
furfuraceus (Fic. 9, B) in which the hymenial layer arises endogen- 
ously, and Pyronema and Ascobolus magnificus (Fic. 11, A) in 
which it is from the first superficial and exposed. To ignore the 
question of the exogenous origin of the hymenium in the case 
of those Ascomycetes in which the ascogonium has been described 
as enclosed in its very early stages, is without any morphological 
