DoDGE: RELATIONSHIPS OF FLORIDEAE AND ASCOMYCETES 183 
early stages providing the asci and hymenium develop super- 
ficially, as he claims is the case in certain of these hypogaei (Fic. 
8, D). 
In spite of the vast amount of work that has been done by 
Woronin, Fisch, Frank, Gilkinet, Kihlman, Oltmanns, Nichols, 
and others on the origin and morphology of the pyrenocarp it is 
not clear just how the ostiole originates. These authors give us 
no concise account of this feature. We find in the Pyrenomycetes 
forms like Chaetomium fimeti which are permanently cleisto- 
Carpous as well as the great mass of forms which have a charac- 
teristically developed ostiole, and the conditions here are parallel 
ee 
Ae?e, 
Win 
straps 
ne 
Fic. 8. Ascocarps of Ascomycetes. A. Sphaerotheca; B. Young stage of Melano- 
Sora parasitica; C. Sordaria fimiseda; D. Balsamia. a.hy, ascogenous hyphae; asg, 
ascogonium; ap, appendages; e.hy, enveloping hyphae; m, opening of the fruit body; 
Par, paraphyses; per, periphyses; stk, stalk. A, Harper; B, Kihlman; C, Woronin; 
D, Bucholtz. 
in an interesting way to those in Ascobolus, where we have forms 
like A, furfuraceus which is at first cleistocarpous and later be- 
comes wide open, and other forms like A. magnificus which is a dis- 
Cocarp from the start. The development of the pyrenocarp has been 
followed out by Kihlman (57) in Melanospora, by Oltmanns (66) in 
Chaetomium, and by Miss Nichols (64) in Hypocopra and Cerato- 
stoma, and we know that in these forms some sort of a primordium or 
