DopGE: RELATIONSHIPS OF FLORIDEAE AND ASCOMYCETES 193 
only one antheridium is developed in close proximity to the 
ascogonial branch. The trichogyne is a much thicker structure 
of about eight short cells, but it has sufficient length to reach the 
antheridium to which it applies itself. The trichogyne of Lachnea 
stercorea is somewhat shorter than that of Ascobolus magnificus, 
having about one half as many cells. It apparently fuses with 
the antheridium without first coiling partly about it. From this 
stage to Pyronema is but a short step where the trichogyne is 
reduced to one long cell, which we may imagine arose by omitting 
the cross walls. Reduction has gone on still further in Ascodesmis, 
where the antheridium coils tightly about the ascogonium and 
the trichogyne is reduced to one short cell. The final step we find 
in Sphaerotheca where the male nucleus travels directly from the 
antheridium into the odgonium without the aid of any intervening 
structure. 
There are a number of forms in which the ascogonium is pro- 
longed into a trichogyne, although no antheridium is known to 
exist. In many of the forms in which the trichogyne is most 
prominent as a multicellular structure at the end of the archicarp 
we find that several cells of the ascogonium give rise to ascogenous 
hyphae. Inall of the lichens in which this feature has been studied 
several cells of the ascogonium are connected by large openings 
and all the cells so connected are ascogenous cells (Fic. 7). Three 
or four of the first cells beyond the stalk of the ascogonium of 
Ascobolus carbonarius are ascogenous. Cutting (27) states that 
several cells of the ascogonium in Ascophanus carneus give rise to 
fertile hyphae. Overton (70), has reported the same for Theco- 
theus, and Miss Fraser (44) for Lachnea cretea. Ihave no doubt 
that the same is true in L. abundans and L. melaloma although I 
have not as yet determined this point fully. The list of forms 
with more than one ascogenous cell is as follows: the lichens, 
Ascobolus carbonarius, A. pusillus, A. glaber, Saccobolus, Asco- 
bhanus carneus, Thecotheus Pelletieri, Lachnea cretea, L. abundans, 
L. melaloma, Aspergillus, Gymnoascus, Ascodesmis (?). 
In Ascobolus furfuraceus, Lachnea scutellata, Lasiobolus equinus, 
and Pyronema, only one cell of the ascogonium bears ascogenous 
hyphae. In Lasiobolus pulcherrimus there is but one ascogenous 
Cell, though the ascogonium is prolonged into a structure of seven 
