378 R. HEBER Howe, JR.: NOMENCLATURE OF GENUS USNEA 
as he seems to be the first author to recognize this simple, naked 
variety of barbata,—which plants can be hailed as Usnea barbata 
var. stricta (Schaer.) comb. nov., a name that antedates Usnea 
barbata var. intermedia Mass., given seemingly to the same plant.* 
The question now presents itself, shall botanists consider these 
actual specimens in the light of types. Whether they do or not 
seems of little importance. The investigation of them has led to 
an understanding of really what plants Linné named, and this I 
take it is what we most desire to know if we are ever to place our 
nomenclature on a sound basis. My view taken in r1gro is there- 
fore unchanged, except in the realization that Usnea ceratina Ach. 
is not synonymous with the plant (Linné’s plicatus) Crombie, 
Tuckerman and many other recent authors (based on Schaerer) 
supposed, but is a distinct and very different species. Dr. Zahl- 
bruckner’s work fails to take account at all of the coarse, pendulous 
plants, i. e., ceratina of Schaerer or plicatus of Linné, as he cites 
only ceratina of Acharius. 
THOREAU MuSEUM oF NATURAL HISTORY 
ConcorD, MASSACHUSETTS 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES 9-14 
PLATE 9 
UPPER FIGURE. The Linnean type of Lichen floridus in the Linnean herbarium 
(reduced one half). 
Lower FIGURE. The Acharian specimen of Lichen comosus in the Linnean 
Society herbarium (reduced to two fifths actual size), 
PLATE 10 
The Dillenian type of Usnea vulgaris, etc., incorrectly referred by Crombie - 
U. ceratina Ach. (reduced one half). It also represents Linné’s conception of his 
L. plicatus. 
PLATE If 
UPPER FIGURE. The specimen in the Linnean herbarium bearing the Flora 
Suecica number 984 of Lichen plicatus; labeled hirtus, and representing one of the 
types of the latter species (slightly reduced). 
LOWER FIGURE. The Acharian type of Usnea ceratina (slightly reduced). 
PLATE 12 
The Acharian specimen of Usnea plicata in the herbarium of the Linnean Society 
in London (reduced one half). 
* See U. barbata, f. Schraderit Dalla Torre & Sarn. Flecht. Tirol., etc. 4. 1992- 
