GLEASON AND MCFARLAND: INTRODUCED VEGETATION 519 
Solanum nigrum - Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum 
Verbascum Thapsus var. pinnatifidum 
Nepeta Cataria Cirsium lanceolatum 
Plantago major Cirsium arvense 
Achillea Millefolium Taraxacum officinale 
Back of this road in soil exactly the same, and like the road 
covered until two years ago with a dense forest, there is now 
a tangle of brush heaps, with a dense growth of Epilobium angusti- 
folium and young maple seedlings. In it the eleven introduced 
species are strictly confined to small open places and feeding 
grounds, and are exceedingly few in number of individuals. The 
following occur: 
Poa pratensis Trifolium hybridum 
Phleum pratense Solanum nigrum 
Rumex Acetosella Verbascum Thapsus 
Polygonum Convolvulus Cirsium lanceolatum 
Chenopodium album Taraxacum officinale 
Trifolium repens 
In all, only 26 species have been observed in areas formerly 
occupied by hardwoods, and these are in every case confined to 
the logging roads and feeding grounds. This does not include 
seven other species growing along the public road near Bryant’s 
hotel. 
THE INTRODUCED VEGETATION IN THE ASPEN REGION 
_ As in other types of vegetation, the introduced species among 
the aspens are again almost confined to the immediate vicinity 
of the roads. In this case, quantitative studies of their distribu- 
tion were made by the quadrat method. In one hundred places 
chosen at random, a strip of 2-meter quadrats was observed, 
These were so placed that the first quadrat was adjacent to the 
wagon track of the main road through the aspens, and the others 
extended in a strip perpendicular to the roadway. Observations 
were continued on each strip until two successive quadrats showed 
no introduced species whatever. In most cases no introduced 
plants were found beyond the fifth quadrat, and in no case was 
one found beyond the tenth. This indicates that in the thirty 
years since the pines were lumbered, introduced species have been 
