The correct name for the hemlock spruce* 
OLIVER A. FARWELL 
A casual perusal of the local floras covering eastern North 
America shows that the white spruce passes under the name of 
Picea canadensis (Mill.) BSP. and the hemlock spruce, of Tsuga 
canadensis (L.) Carr. Now, although Britton, Stearns, and 
Poggenberg quote Miller as the original author of the specific 
name canadensis of the white spruce, it becomes very evident 
through a perusal of Miller’s description that his specific name is 
derived from the Linnaean Pinus canadensis and, therefore, that 
the proper citation (under article 41 of the Vienna rules) should 
include the name of Linnaeus, in parentheses, as the original 
author, instead of that of Miller. Here is, then, the anomalous 
position of two distinct species bearing the same specific name and 
both being derived from the same author, publication, and de- 
scription, a condition contrary to all laws of botanical nomencla- 
ture, which provide that the specific name can be maintained for 
only one element of an aggregate when that aggregate is segre- 
gated. It remains, therefore, to determine which one of these 
two species shall retain the specific name canadensis. The first 
step is to determine if possible, what the Linnaean type of Pinus 
canadensis may be; if that can be determined, the rest will be easy, 
for the type element of an aggregate will retain the specific name 
upon segregation. 
The description of Pinus canadensis in the 2d edition of the 
Species Plantarum, 1763, on page 1421, is as follows:— 
10. PINUS foliis solitariis linearibus obtusiusculis canadensis 
submembranaceis. 
Abies foliis solitariis confertis obtusis membra- 
naceis. Gron. virg. I91.* 
Abies foliis piceae brevioribus, conis parvis 
biuncialibus laxis. Mull. dict. t. 1. 
_ Habitat in America septentrional.. h. 
* Co ntributions to the Botany of Michigan, No. ro. “Read at the St. Louis 
meeting of the Botanists of the Central States, October 17, 1914. 
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