FARWELL: CORRECT NAME FOR HEMLOCK SPRUCE 625 
botanists, we may be justified, in the present instance, in following 
precedent and in disregarding the synonyms cited and the de- 
scription also, allowing the name to represent the balsam fir; 
for this is undoubtedly the interpretation Linnaeus intended it 
to have as is indicated by the specific name. 
Having excluded the hemlock synonyms from consideration 
under Pinus balsamea and having settled the status of that species 
we may resume consideration of Pinus canadensis. We have 
already shown that the first citation refers definitely to the hemlock 
spruce. We will now consider the Millerian synonym and en- 
deavor to determine its status. This carries us back to the 7th 
edition of the ‘“‘Gardeners Dictionary” published in 1759 and the 
“Figures” published in 1760. In the former work, Philip Miller 
has segregated the Linnaean aggregate and described four species 
from America under Abies as follows: 
3. ABIES minor, pectinatis foliis, Virginiana, conis parvis 
subrotundis. Pluk. Alm. The Virginian Fir Tree, with 
small roundish Cones, commonly called Hemlock Fir. 
4. ABIES piceae foliis brevibus, conis minimus. Rand. The 
Pitch-leaved Fir Tree, with small Cones, commonly called 
The Newfoundland Black Spruce Fir. 
5. ABIEs piceae foliis brevioribus, conis parvis biunciahbus laxis. 
Rand. The shortest Pitch-leaved Fir Tree with loose 
Cones, commonly called The Newfoundland White Spruce 
Fir. 
6. Astés taxi foliis, odora, Balsami Gileadensis, Rati Hist. App. 
"The Balm of Gilead Fir. 
Here we have, so far as the writer is aware, the first post- 
Linnaean description of the species as they are understood at the 
present time. Unfortunately, Miller had not at that time ac- 
cepted the binomial nomenclature of Linnaeus and consequently 
his species received no specific appellations; his work, however, 
can not be ignored any more than can the Species Plantarum 
itself. The descriptions and the notes on the following page as 
to the native habitats, habits, etc., and the culture of the various 
plants in England leave no doubt whatever as to the identity of 
the species. No. 5 was illustrated in the following year, 1760, 
in the ‘‘Figures,”’ and this is the species cited by Linnaeus under 
