628 FARWELL: CORRECT NAME FOR HEMLOCK SPRUCE 
under each so that it can not be considered typical of either), thus 
recognizing only two of Miller’s four species from America. 
(4) Miller, in 1768, reéstablished his four species, and gave 
them specific appellations under the binomial system as follows: 
the balsam fir or balm of Gilead fir became Abies balsamea; the 
white spruce, Abies canadensis; the black spruce, Abies mariana; 
and the hemlock spruce, Abies americana. 
Under Articles 46, 47, 48, 50, and’51 of the Vienna Rules this 
choice of specific names by Miller for these plants can not be 
modified and the proper names and leading synonyms of the 
species are as follows: 
ABIES BALSAMEA (L.) Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 3. 1768. 
Abies taxifoliis, odora, Balsami Gileadensis, Raii Hist. App. 
Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 7, No. 6. 1759. 
Pinus balsamea L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 1, 1002. 1753; Ed. 2, 1421. 
1763 (as to name only). 
Picea balsamea Loudon, Arb. Brit. 4: 2339. f. 2240-2242. 
1844. 
PICEA CANADENSIS (L.) BSP. Prel. Cat. N.Y. 71. 1888. 
Abies piceae foliis brevioribus, conis parvis biuncialibus laxis. 
Rand. Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 7, No. 5. 1759; Figures, 
pl. t.° 1760. 
Pinus canadensis L. Sp. Pl. Ed. 2, 1421. 1763 (as to syno- 
nym of Miller). 
Abies canadensis Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 4. 1768. 
Pinus alba Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 371. 17809. 
Abies alba Michx. Flor. Bor. Amer. 2: 207. 1803 (not of Miller, 
1768). 
Picea alba Link, Linnaea 15: 519. 1841. 
PICEA MARIANA (Mill.) BSP. Prel. Cat. N.Y. 71. 1888. 
Abies piceae foliis brevibus, conis minimis. Rand. Mill. 
Gard. Dict. Ed. 7, No. 4. 1759. 
Abies mariana Mill. Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, No. 5. 1768. 
Pinus mariana Du Roi, Obs. Bot. 38. 1771. 
Pinus nigra Ait. Hort. Kew. 3: 370. 17809. 
Abies nigra Du Roi, Handb. Baumg. 2: 182. 1800. 
Picea nigra Link, Linnaea 1§: 520. 1841. 
