REPORT ON THE ALCYONARIA. 239 



Alcyonium antarcticum, n. sp. (PL XLII. tig. 5). 



The colony forms a fleshy irregular mass, the flat extended base covering the stem 

 of a species of Macrocystis, while the upper portion forms a head consisting of numerous 

 rounded tufts carrying the polyps. On close examination these appear as the terminal 

 branches of the short, thick, and sometimes even also branched twigs, which spring from 

 the cceneuchyma. 



The polyi^s are crowded in the terminal tufts, less numerous in the branches and basal 

 portion ; they are in circles on the tufts, but are somewhat bilaterally placed on the 

 other parts of the colony. The upper two-thirds of the polyp can be completely retracted ; 

 the body and ccenenchyma are well provided with small spiny spindle-shaped spicules. 

 These spicules are also found in the bases of the tentacles, which are folded together when 

 being withdrawn. 



The colony measures in its longest diameter 130 mm., it rises to an average height of 

 55 mm. The flat membranous basal extension is about 100 mm. in diameter. From the 

 coenenchymal mass short thick branches arise chiefly in an oblique direction ; these soon 

 divide into thick ragged lateral twigs of various lengths ; finally ending in knobby buds, 

 which are spherical or oval in outline, and thickly covered with the polyps. 



The branches vary from 15 to 20 mm. in thickness, but are often little more than 

 globular projections from the basal membrane; the twigs are from 8 to 10 mm. in 

 diameter, and of an average height of 10 mm. 



The polyps on the basal portion and the branches are so tightly packed together as to 

 touch one another ; they are more or less obliquely placed on the branches. Around the 

 edge of the retracted polyp are eight small projections, which cannot completely close 

 over the polyp opening. The bases of the tentacles are armed with two converging spicules. 



The numerous canals in the ramifications of the colony are the direct continuations of 

 the gastral canals of the poly|3s, and in several instances ova were to be found on the 

 mesenterial filaments ; four of the mesenterial filaments were much shorter than the 

 others. The partition walls between the polyps are of a moderate consistency, about 

 0"5 mm. thick, and contain some small spicules, and an extensive system of inosculating 

 nutrient canals which are interspersed between the polyps. The outer covering is but 

 little thickened, its mesoderm is well furnished with spicules, which in dried specimens 

 give the whole a somewhat rigid consistency. 



In the coenenchyma and the polyp bodies the spicules are numerous, though scattered 

 irregularly. 



The spicules are small spindles and rod-like forms ; these are sometimes spiny, some- 

 times with processes at right angles to their main shafts ; there also occur small double 

 stars, with the two whorls of spines distinct from each other ; there are also to be found 

 some quite irregular spicules. 



