TWENTY-EIGHTH ANNUAL MEETING. at 
fourth of a mile from the river and within 50 feet of the track of the Missouri 
Pacific railroad. Work commenced October 20, 1895. 
The first 12 feet was through surface soil and clay. Strata of quicksand and 
gravel filled with water were then reached. This constituted the underflow or 
‘‘subterranean river,’’ as it was‘called in the newspapers. Great difficulty was 
experienced in securing a curbing through this sand and water, which caused a 
delay of several weeks. First, a round wooden pipe, 16 inches in diameter, 
strongly made of two-inch pine and wrapped with sheet iron, was placed in the 
hole and gradually sunk by pumping the sand from the inside. As depth was 
gained the pipe constantly bent to the southeast, indicating a pressure in that 
direction. Trains passing imparted a quivering motion to the sand and water. 
The wooden pipe was abandoned, as it could not be kept vertical. A heavy 
wrought-iron tube 14 inches in diameter was substituted, which proved a success. 
Following is a log of the well, which at this writing has reached the first hard 
rock, black flint or chert, at a depth of 642 feet : 
Depth, Thickness, Loc oF THE WELL. 
feet. Feet. 
12 12 Surface soil and clay. 
27 15 Quicksand and water. 
42 15 Coarse sand and gravel, full of water. 
80 38 Tenacious blue clay. 
90 10 Gypsum crystals (selenite). Between 80 and 90 feet a pocket of 
smooth water-worn pebbles, consisting of white quartz, quartz- 
ite, granite, jasper, etc., broke into the well from the side. 
165 75 Alternating layers of clay, gypsum, and clay shales. 
250 85 Massive gypsum, gray and black. 
265 15 . Blue shale. 
270 5 Gypsum. 
275 5 Light and dark shale. 
285 10 Soft clay shale. 
295 10 Clay and gypsum. 
300 5 Gypsum. 
325 25 Blue shale. 
35C 25 Black shale. 
375 25 Blue shale. 
385 10 Dark shale. 
390 5 Blue shale. 
400 10 Black shale. 
440 40 Blue shale. 
455 15 Whiteand gray gypsum. 
480 25 Shale, strongly charged with petroleum. 
490 10 Dark shale. 
590 60 Light gray shale. 
560 10 Gray limestone. 
563 3 Fine sand full of very strong brine which rose 300 feet in the drill 
hole, and would perhaps have risen to the surface had it not 
been stopped by the insertion of tubing. 
572 9 Gray limestone and clay. 
575 3 Clay shale. 
585 10 Black shale. 
590 5 Blue clay. 
600 10 Soapstone and clay or shale. 
