30 KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 
8. Spring Rock (Swallow ).*— Here we have two strata of limestone sepa- 
rated by a layer of shale. Of these the lower is the more important, the upper 
being as a rule very thin and somewhat argillaceous. The lower is about 20 inches 
thick, hard, bluish gray in color, often containing calcite crystals, and is suscep- 
tible of a high polish. It has been quarried for paving purposes, and is the hard- 
est limestone in the county. This stratum has, so far, produced a larger number 
of species of fossils than any other stratum in the county. Localities same as two 
previous strata. 
9. BurLiInGAME SuHates ( Haworth ).t — Olive shales, generally very argilla- 
ceous, though arenaceous in places, 120 feet thick, and the most extensive shale 
bed in the county. The stratum is very fossiliferous in places, and barren of fos- 
sils in others. It is exposed at the Sugar Works, on the lower part of Blacksmith 
and Mission creeks, southeast of Auburn on Wakarusa creek, on the north side 
of the river from near Siver Lake, crossing the county in a direction east of north. 
10. Stnver Lake Coau.—A bituminous coal 4 to 16 inches thick. This is the 
highest stratum of coal found in paying quantity in the Coal Measures in the 
state. It is mined at the Croasdale place, 10 miles southwest of Topeka, and has 
been mined at the Sugar Works, Silver Lake (Pence’s farm), and some further 
northeast, and is reported from the Pottawatomie reservation, and northwest of 
Meriden. 
11. Strver Lake SHate.— This shale, which is olive in color and not very rich 
in fossils, is 15 to 35 feet in thickness, and contains a thin, very argillaceous lime- 
stone. 
12. Sranron Limestone (Swallow).{[—This limestone is composed of two 
layers, separated by a thin parting of shale. The lower is the more important. 
It is from four to seven feet in thickness, massive, yellowish gray to gray, and 
almost non-fossiliferous. It resists the weather very well, and is easily traced 
across the county, as it often forms the top of high escarpments. It is exposed 
on Wakarusa creek, near Auburn; on Mission creek, from a place west of Bur- 
nett’s mound to the Kansas river; at Burnett’s mound, Martin’s hill, and the 
sugar works; from Silver Lake up Big and Little Soldier creeks about three 
miles, thence in an easterly direction. It appears at Elmont and crosses the 
county line nearly north of that place. 
13. SonprrER CREEK SHALE.—This shale is from 40 feet.to less in thickness, 
quite arenaceous, and moderately fossiliferous in places. Localities same as the 
preceding. 
14. Wakarusa Limestonn.—A limestone two to four feet in thickness, very 
fossilferous, and a fine building stone. Localities practically the same as the 
two preceding. Named from the fine exposure of this rock on Wakarusa creek 
immediately south of Auburn. 
15. AuBpuRN SHALE.—This is a stratum of shale § to 20 feet in thickness, 
olive in color, and quite fossiliferous. Localities practically the same as the pre- 
ceding. ; 
16. Etmont Limesronr.—A stratum of white or gray argillaceous limestone, 
very fossiliferous, from one to two feet in thickness. It is used in stone walls in 
some places. It is found on the tops of the hills near Elmont and north into 
Jackson county; also on both sides of Big and Little Soldier creeks, from the 
* Prelim. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kan., 1868, p. 21, ‘‘ No. 162.” 
+ Univ. Geol. Surv. Kan., Vol. 1, p. 162. 
t Prelim. Rep. Geol. Surv. Kan., 1868, p. 20. 
