oD KANSAS ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. © 
Forest TENT-CATERPILLAR (Clisiocampa sylvatica, Harris). 
From the southeastern portion of the state, notably Chautauqua and Elk 
counties, come reports of the defoliation of both forest and apple trees by a cat- 
erpillar formerly unknown in these localities. Specimens sent to the department 
were recognized as the forest tent-caterpillar. 
The eggs from which the worm hatches are deposited by the moth, about the 
middle of June, in layers surrounding the twig at an equal depth, the ends of 
the cylindrical mass being squarely docked. This square ending enables us to 
distinguish this insect clearly from the apple-tree tent-caterpillar (Clisiocampa 
americana Harris), whose egg masses taper gradually down to the twig. I call 
especial attention to this fact here, since in the egg state our best opportunity 
for prevention occurs. The eggs in each mass number about 400. In color they 
are cream white. The mass is shaped similar to a truncated cone slightly 
rounded at the base. Eggs are protected from the weather by a brown varnish.. 
The mass remains unchanged over winter, during which time they are easily de- 
tected upon the leafless trees. 
The young hatch from this mass about the last of the following March ; and, 
though the buds may not have opened, these little creatures are wonderfully 
hardy, can fast for two or three weeks if need be and withstand much inclement 
weather. The full-grown caterpillar is pale blue, tinged on sides with gray, and 
everywhere sprinkled over with black dots. It measures about an inch anda 
half in length. The common name arises from the little web or tent spun by the 
larva in the nearest fork. Here they live in company, moving out from time to 
time to feed upon surrounding leaves and increasing the size of their habitations 
as they grow. 
The artificial remedies are destroying egg masses wherever found, spraying 
leaves with London purple or Paris green, destroying caterpillars collected in 
tents. The most effective remedy, however, is pruning off in the winter time the 
easily-detected egg masses upon the twigs of the leafless trees. 
Sprinc CanKER-woRrM (Anisopteryx vernata, Peck). 
In the spring the writer visited a number of orchards almost defoliated by the 
small grayish measuring worm. The worm is about an inch in length, travels 
with looping motion, and when disturbed lets itself down from the limb by a 
silken thread. 
The wingless female issues in spring from chrysalids which have passed the 
winter in the ground, and soon deposits ite eggs. These hatch about the time 
the leaves unfold from the bud, and are full-fed, ready to pupate, the latter 
part of May. The apple crop in north-central counties was seriously affected by 
this pest. 
Among the many remedies, spraying, with either London purple or Paris green, 
during the heat of day when larve are most active, is the most effective after the 
worm has appeared on the trees. 
Barriers formed by small rolls of rags placed around the trunk of the tree a 
foot or so from the ground, then freely coated with tar, prevents the ascent of 
the wingless female to deposit eggs and, later, the larve to feed. Spraying, how- 
ever, at this time serves two purposes. In addition to destruction of canker- 
worm, the young codling-moth worm is also destroyed in the flower of the 
forthcoming apple. The quality of the apples gathered from orchards so sprayed 
under direction of the department was highly satisfactory to the owners, who 
commented freely upon absence of worms in mature fruit. 
