TWENTY-NINTH ANNUAL MEETING. 99: 
though it is not all probable that any existed there. The current on the lime 
stone floor must have been too strong. Then, too, the glacial deposit must have: 
been partly dumped there and partly washed down the current of the stream, in 
addition to being pushed from the north. 
The buried moraine was followed no further in the bed of the creek. The 
spot last mentioned is on section 16, northwest of the mound. Half a mile fur- 
ther up, about Burnett’s old cabin, there are very many boulders, some of them 
of good size, both in the bed of the creek and on the north bank. 
UprER SHUNGANUNGA. 
Still another half mile up, the moraine emerges from the creek on the Ham- 
mond place, near the south line of section 16. Here it forms an east-and-west 
ridge south of the creek about 15 feet in height above the prairie, and apparently 
10 feet or more in depth of drift material. The total distance to this point from 
where the moraine disappears in the bottom of the creek is a little over two miles, 
and its course is south 65° west. On the Major Sims place, on section 17, the 
moraine is on both sides of the creek, thus being double at this point. On the 
north side his house is built on the morainic ridge. The well, 18 feet deep, is en- 
tirely in drift. Water is abundant and unfailing. From the Hammond place 
the moraine continues its regular course of north 67° west across the county. 
Two miles west of Mission Center the moraine is entirely on the north side of 
the creek. The broad valley of the creek is gone. It here consists of a gorge 
about 50 feet deep and not 20 rods wide. A little further west the depth of the 
gorge increases and the water flows west toward Blacksmith creek. The bank 
north of the gorge is covered with drift and boulders; the south bank is capped 
with fusulina limestone three feet thick. 
ADVANCE MORAINE. 
Nearly half a mile south of this, resting high and dry on the sloping prairie, 
there is an outlying border belt, a sort of advance moraine, as it were, of fusulina 
limestone boulders. They are composed almost solidly of fusulina shells and no 
other fossils ; so their horizon is unmistakable. Here, they are stretched east and 
west across the prairie fully 20 feet above their locus, and more thana quarter of a 
-mile south of the bank from which they were lifted. If they were also carried. 
down stream, as well as pushed across to the south, then they were lifted more: 
_ than 20 feet ; because the strata dip toward the west. 
This would seem to indicate that the local ice of the valley had been pushed 
up out of it, carrying the top of the ledge of rock with it. Subsequent thawings,, 
refreezings, and pushings, in advance of the glacier, and at its foot, succeeded in 
working these rocks to their present position. It would also indicate that the in- 
fluence of the glacier was felt long before its foot reached the Shunganunga. 
REFLECTIONS. 
From these observations I would draw the following conclusions: 
1. This Shunganunga creek existed during glacial times very much the same 
as it is now. 
2. When the ice-field reached the creek in its southward progress, it crossed 
the lower portion of the stream as far up as section 11, half a mile northeast of 
the mound. 
3. From that point, near the creamery, up to and beyond Burnett’s cabin, a 
distance of two miles, the ice never crossed the Shunganunga, except for a very 
short time. 
4. The ice never touched Burnett’s mound, though it stood around it on three 
sides to a height equal to or greater than the top of the mound. 
