ADAMS: PHYSIOGRAPY OF SOUTHEASTERN KANSAS. 97 
much of its importance, due to the preponderance of sandstone. 
It passes into the Indian Territory just east of Tyro. Walker 
Mound and Table Mound are outlying areas of it. The promi- 
nence of the escarpment west of the Verdegris from Independence, 
past Neodesha, Altoona and Guilford to Benedict, is largely due 
to the position of the river valley, which runs parallel to it, and to 
the great thickness of the limestone. At Benedict it crosses the 
river and, bending somewhat to the south, takes a northerly 
course, passing west of Vilas, to Owl Creek west of Humboldt, 
where the next succeeding escarpment blends with it. The Iola 
limestone descends to the bottom land and is not traceable far 
after crossing Owl Creek on the west side of the Neosho river. 
It is exposed at Iola along Elm creekand Rock Creek, as well as 
at several places on the east bank of the Neosho between Iola and 
Humboldt; at the latter place it forms the heavy ledge which is so 
prominent at the river bridge. Further south it recedes from the 
river, producing an escarpment which trends to the southeast, then 
curves to the northeast, running nearly parallel to Big Creek, but 
considerably west of it and passes just east of Moran, becoming 
less distinct. 
THE CARLYLE ESCARPMENT. 
This escarpment is produced by the Carlyle limestone,* which 
is exposed near Carlyle on both sides of Deer Creek. From that 
place it runs to the east and then to the north, being prominent at 
Garnett and east of there along the Pottawatomie river. On the 
north side of Deer Creek it trends west from Carlyle to the Neosho 
river, crossing it below Neosho Falls. On the west side of the 
Neosho it follows the river bluff for a short distance, then runs to 
the south, passing about half way between Iola and Piqua. At 
Owl Creek it blends with the Iola escarpment as already stated, 
although the system is traceable somewhat further to the south. 
North of Iola and between’ Iola and Humboldt east of the river, 
there are a number of hills which are outlying portions of this 
escarpment. i 
THE CHAUTAUQUA PLATFORM AND THE CHAUTAUQUA SANDSTONE HILLS. 
The back slopes of the escarpments thus far described possess 
no features which merit special description. The shale beds which 
produce them contain usually but little sandstone, except along 
*This limestone was named the Carlyle limestone by Haworth and Kirk, Kansas 
Univ. Quart., Vol. IL. p. 110. and the first succeeding one above the Garnett or Burl- 
ington. It has since been learned, as will soon be published by Haworth, that the 
so-called Carlyle limestone is the lower member of the Garnett. 
