ADAMS: PHYSIOGRAPY OF SOUTHEASTERN KANSAS. 99 
which accumulates in the wagon roads from the disintegration of 
the sandstones. 
THE BURLINGTON ESCARPMENT. 
The limestones exposed in Burlington* and just south of the 
town, form the protecting element in the next escarpment. This 
escarpment, known as the Burlington, is prominent west of Le Roy 
Junction and along Turkey Creek. It runs to the southwest, 
passing two miles west of Vernon, and then around the head of 
Owl Creek. Tne limestone is present three miles west of Yates 
Center, but the heavy sandstones which produce the hills at Yates 
Center mask the escarpment, as indeed they doin most places 
from there to the southern border of the state. This limestone 
formation is the upper limit of the Le Roy shales and Chautauqua 
sandstones, but the géneral character of the Chautauqua hills area 
persists to the next succeeding escarpment. The line of outcrop 
of the limestone is from Yates Center to Toronto, thence west of 
Coffeyville to Fall River, Longton, Sedan, Chautauqua Springs 
and Elgin. In places the limestone being underlaid by shales or 
softer sandstone, persists as a prominent element in the surface 
features, but where the sandstones are in heavy ledges, it loses its 
relative importance. From Sedan to Elgin it is easily traced. 
ELK FALLS ESCARPMENT. 
The next escarpment is produced by two heavy limestone forma- 
tions which are usually separated by a sandstone formation, which 
weathering slowly, brings all three ledges into practically the same 
slope. These formations and subsequent ones are not here named, 
since it is not necessary to a discussion of the present subject and 
a strict correlation is not now possible.+ The escarpment is prom- 
inent west of Elk Falls. The two limestone formations produce the 
two heavy ledges seen along the railroad from Elk Falls to Moline. 
From Elk Falls southward the escarpment passes with many deep 
sinuosities around the head of Salt Creek, North Cana, Middle 
Cana and Cedar Creek, and leaves the state west of Elgin after 
having digressed up Big Cana nearly to Hewins. It is seen very 
prominent at Rogers, about five miles west of Sedan. Northward 
from Elk Falls it passes up Elk River nearly to Howard, then 
descends the river again, is found west of Hutchins Creek, at Cave 
Spring on the head of Indian Creek, at Greenwood on Sait Creek 
and west of Fall River to the vicinity of Twin Falls. Thence it 
*Haworth and Kirk. Kansas Univ. Quart., Vol. II, p. 110. 
_tProbably these systems have already been given names where exposed along the 
Neosho and Kansas rivers in Kansas Univ. Sur.. Vol. I. 
