100 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
makes a broad bow to the east and so reaches Walnut Creek, south 
of Neal. From there it trends to the northeast but the character of 
the limestone and included sandstone formation is changing some- 
what, so that it is not safe to conjecture what its equivalent is 
beyond where the field work has been carried in detail. The back 
slope of this escarpment, which is comparitively even, is spoken of 
locally as a limestone prairie in contrast to the sandstone area to 
the east. 
THE HOWARD ESCARPMENT. 
This is a low, even escarpment which from a distance somewhat 
resembles artificial embankments. It is seen at Howard in the 
north part of town. It is produced by thin limestone capping a 
shale bed which weathers very easily. Riding on the railroad, one 
can see it very conspicuous on the west side of the track from Moline 
to Severy. From this place to Climax the road cuts off a portion 
of it to the east. Beyond Climax it is again seen west of the rail- 
road to Fall River. South of Moline its course is indicated on the 
map as being to the west of Middle Cana. At Wauneta it is 
somewhat higher and produces the peculiar rounded hills near that 
place. 
THE EUREKA ESCARPMENT. 
This escarpment is very conspicuous at Eureka. The town lies 
in the valley of Fall River, the escarpment making a high wall to 
the north, west and south. The shale bed in the face of the 
escarpment carries some coal at various places, and the limestone 
above the shale has been traced in detail to the south, and is found 
to be persistent though not very heavy. It would appear from a 
hasty reconnoisance that it caps the terrace which is prominent 
just west of the railroad from Eureka to Madison and at the latter 
place. From Eureka southward it runs on a sinuous line around 
the head of Honey creek, Tadpole creek, is prominent on Otter 
creek where the north and south branches unite, is found halfway 
between Severy and Piedmont, passes to the west of Pawpaw 
creek and is prominent on Elk River about five miles west of How- 
ard. West of Moline it is the first hill beyond the low ones in the 
edge of town which belong to the Howard escarpment. It has 
been traced to Leeds, thence south, passing west of Grant creek 
and bending in an irregular course, producing the east bluff of the 
Cana at Cedarvale and for some distance north. To the south 
of Cedarvale it passes around the head of Rock creek and to the 
state line. 
