122 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
gypsum horizon, and the upper or Kiger formation. The gypsum 
horizon in Kansas has been mapped by P. G. Grimsley (Kan. 
Univ. Quart., Jan., 1897). On the accompanying map the con- 
tinuation of this horizon in the western and southwestern portions 
of Woods county is shown. The country here described lies prin- 
cipally to the east of this horizon and is the formation geologically 
lower, 1. e. the Salt Fork formation. The eastern boundary of the 
Red Beds hes beyond the limits of the counties here described and 
evidently trends to the east considerably from where it leaves the 
state line. From various sources of information I conclude that it 
passes to the east of Red Rock. 
I entered the territory at the northwest corner of Grant county 
and proceeded to Wedford. The surface was at first undulating 
and the soil red, but it became more level and the soil graded into 
a black gumbo. The country is essentially a prairie land and the 
streams flow in valleys which are but little below the general level. 
Along the north side the Salk Fork, which flows in a sandy bed, 
there are low sand dunes in places. I next traversed the divide 
between the Salt Fork and the Cimarron, which is low and un- 
broken, except where the Red Beds are exposed in a line’ of 
‘‘breaks” trending around the heads of the streams which are trib- 
utary to the Salt Fork from the south. Standing on the divide one 
sees the streams which flow to the north take their rise in small, 
rugged canons and emerge into broad valleys in a few miles, while 
the streams flowing southward into the Cimarron begin in mean- 
dering channels, which, in places, are bordered by low swells which 
are extinct sand dunes. The divide is migrating southward, and 
there are evidences of the heads of the small canons gradually cap- 
turing the drainage of the southward slope. The Red Beds, 
although not exposed except in the breaks as already spoken of, 
are everywhere found at a shallow depth in diging wells. The 
Pleistocene lies like an uneven mantle over these eroded surface. 
From inquiry I learned that the wells usually pass through it in 
less than fifty feet. One dug on the divide went through red soil 
and clay for twenty-five feet, then through fifteen feet of sand con- 
taining fine gravel. In the sand was found a large bone which was 
probably a femur of “guwus. Another well passed through a layer 
of land shells at a depth of fifteen feet. The creeks are nearly all 
fed by springs at various places and there is little difficulty in ob- 
taining water except near the breaks. The supply seems to be 
found in the Pleistocene or the upper surface of the Red Beds. 1 
have seen springs of sweet water flowing from the Red Beds, in 
