232 ‘ KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
which rest upon an argillaceous limestone one to two feet in thick- 
ness, which overlies a stratum of very poor coal, or highly carbon- 
aceous shales, beneath which are argillaceous and arenaceous 
shales and sandstones. The next succeeding strata are covered by 
the railroad. About thirteen feet above the river (low water mark) 
there are two thin strata of limestone exposed, beneath which are 
green and red shales for about four feet. 
At Otoe (now Minersville) there are over a hundred feet of vari- 
ously colored shales and sandstones exposed, which Meek thought 
to be immediately above the Nebraska City rocks. I was unable 
to substantiate this by actual observation, but as far as I was able 
to judge, by looking from the car window and the appearance of 
the Minersville section, | am inclined to think him correct. He 
also mentions a stratum of highly carbonaceous shales at one 
place enclosing a six inch seam of coal in this section. The sec- 
tion has now, I think, practically the same appearance that it had 
when Meek studied it. 
During the past summer the Burlingame limestone was traced 
from near Topeka to the Nebraska line. Its eastern extension 
passes northeast from Martin’s Hill to near Meriden, where it turns 
north for about ten miles to the latitude of Valley Falls. East of 
here it appears in the top of the eminence, on which stands the 
town of Winchester. From here it trends north nearly to the Ne- 
braska line, but bends westward before crossing the line on account 
of the valley of the Great Nemaha. It appears, if I have been 
correct in following it (the disappearance of the escarpments and 
the great thickness of the drift after entering Brown county, Kan- 
sas, and the scarcity of exposures makes it difficult to trace a for- 
mation with much certainty) near the base of the bluff on the north 
side of the Great Nemaha north of the bridge, which is a trifle east 
of the west line of, Irving township in Kansas. Several feet below 
this, coal is mined at this place. 
This is the same coal, with the sandstone below, observed by 
Hayden on 'the bluffs of the Missouri, at the mouth of the Great 
Nemaha, a little east of here. Meek was of the opinion, though 
not certain, that this sandstone was the same as the sandstone seen 
at Péru and Brownville, which he places above the Nebraska City 
section. If this be true it throws the section at Nebraska City in 
the same general horizon with the Topeka-Osage coal, if it be not 
identical with it, and the limestone at the base of the section 
would then represent the Topeka limestone or a part of it. While 
I have not been over the ground between Minersville and Rulo, 
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