Transactions. 21 
the eleventh century until the breaking out of the war of inde- 
pendence, the architecture of England and Scotland was in 
agreement. The Norman style, in which the earliest churches of 
the era were built, gradually underwent transition, culminating 
in Early English, and that again reaching maturity began to 
undergo change towards the Decorated style, when the progres- 
sive development was suddenly checked in Scotland by the 
breaking out of the war, and for a long time church building 
there continued in abeyance. Meanwhile, in England, the 
Decorated style of architecture became matured, and it, in its 
turn, was superseded by another, the Perpendicular style. 
When, about the end of the fourteenth century, Scotland had 
in some measure recovered from the effects of the war, church 
building revived. This revival period presented two great 
changes compared with the earlier epoch. Formerly the 
Religious Foundations, not Parochial, were chiefly Cathedral or 
Conventual ; now they are Collegiate. The other great change 
relates to the architectural character of the fabric. The thread 
of the development reached at the commencement of the war is 
not taken up, nor is the expanded English type adopted. There 
is generally found in the churches of the period a mixture of 
styles, some of the earlier Home forms being introduced along 
with advanced Decorated, exhibiting peculiarities supposed to 
indicate French influence. 
Our own district furnishes, in Sweetheart Abbey, founded in 
1275, one of the latest foundations in Scotland of the earlier 
epoch ; and here, at Lincluden, is one of the earliest of the new 
order and the revival period. 
Archibald, third Earl of Douglas and Lord of Galloway, in the 
reign of Robert III., abolished the old Conventual establishment 
at Lincluden, and superseded it by a Collegiate foundation. 
Although the re-building of the Church receives no _ historical 
mention, and is not necessarily implied by the change effected in 
the order of the Foundation, the remains sufficiently indicate 
that the greater part of it was about this time re-erected. The 
architecture exhibited by the remains of the Abbey and that of 
the remains of the College, appearing side by side, one charac- 
terised by simplicity and massiveness, and the other by profusion 
of richness, points to the intervening of centuries between their 
epochs ; and as the former is distinctive of the time of the early 
foundation, so is the latter of the epoch of the new foundation. 
