Transactions. Ga 
a few Brachiopoda, rarely with Serpulites, and small Orthocera- 
tites. It often happens that we find occasionally in these upper 
shales a number of small faults in the cleavage joints, so that 
when we split up the slab and find a part of a Graptolite or a 
number of them on the surface of the slab, the other por- 
tions of the specimens will be on another plane, either above or 
below on the cleavage joint, but they may be rather difficult 
to find in most cases. 
Tt will be seen from the specimens on the table that the lower 
shales are very much harder than the upper ones, and are gener- 
ally not so much contorted or folded. Slabs of a much larger 
size can be obtained, and these split much more freely in any 
thickness of layer down to 1-16th of an inch than the upper. They 
are generally quite free from the aluminous matter, so abundant in 
the upper shales. Curious as it may appear they give off a very 
pleasant odour when closely confined—as in a Cabinet drawer—for 
any length of time. Whether this may be due to the great quantity 
of organic matter they contain or not, I am not quite prepared 
to say. The finest section of the lower shales to be found near 
Moffat is at Hartfell, on the north side of the burn, opposite the 
Spa, or on the left side looking up the Corrie ; this section is nearly 
a quarter of a mile long, and about 40 feet below the upper crag. 
There is another parallel with it, and then a talus of debris at the 
bottom. From the bed of the burn to the top is fully 300 feet. 
The principal fossils of these shales are the branching forms, and 
belong to the following Genera, viz.:—Pleurograptus, Diplograp- 
tus, Dicranograptus, Dicellograptus, Climacograptus, Glossograp- 
tus, Thamnograptus, Retiolites, and portions of Hurypterus. One 
bed of these shales does not split up but falls into small tabular 
pieces under the hammer, caused no doubt by metamorphism, 
the action of hot vapours, and various other causes. 
On leaving Moffat for Dobbs’ Linn, a distance of eleven miles, 
we go along the Selkirk road for about a mile, when we come to 
the Frenchland Tower on the left; near that ruin runs the 
Frenchland Burn, which passes under the road. We may go up 
either side of the burn, and after passing the ruin we come (at 
200 or 300 yards’ distance) upon an exposure of the black shales 
with Graptolites. The shale is very hard and tough ; itis on the 
left hand side of the burn going up. There are also other spots 
here, but they are rather limited in extent. 
The next place we come to on the road is Carmichen Scaurs, 
