212, TRANSACTIONS. 
was thus originally a necessity in construction has survived as a 
superfluous decoration.” * 
I. Bronze Axes—Dumfriesshire is unrepresented in the 
national collection by either the flat or the socketed varieties, there 
being only one flanged specimen and three of the winged type. 
The flanged example is a very fine specimen, and measures 5} 
inches in length. The lower part of each face below the stop- 
ridge is ornamented with narrow vertical grooves, and the outer 
sides of the flanges are ornamented with a cable pattern, similar to 
another flanged axe found near Perth and figured on page 60 of 
YI 
ie 
“ihe i 
ee 
SSS 
a(t 
s “ 
~ 
= Ee== SS 
SS 
| 
Mh 
: ay 
ch uA 
“ S 
ANG 
Fig. 3.—-Flanged Axe of Bronze, ornamented, 
Found at Applegarth. 
Dr Evans’ work already quoted. The Dumfriesshire specimen, 
which was found at Applegarth, is shown in figure 3, and has also 
been figured elsewhere. 7 
A winged axe found at Birrenswark measures 5 inches in 
length by 2 inches across the broadest part of the cutting edge, 
which is semi-circular in form. The wings are of lozenge form, 
and the stop-ridge on each face is imperfect through a flaw in the 
casting. The bronze is of a bright yellow colour. 
ih 
Fig. 4.—Winged Axe of 
Bronze, found at 
Canobie. 
* Ancient Bronze Implements, p. 107. 
+ Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, Vol. XII., p. 602 ; 
Evans, op. cit., p. 60; Anderson, Scotland in Pagan Times, Second Series, 
p- 196. 
Oe 
