45 



trunk of a treeand an attempt is made to pin them, or to approach 

 them with the killing bottle, they are apt to go off suddenly far up 

 the tree, and out of reach of the net. 



Of the Emeralds I have taken four species here, chiefly at 

 Kingmoor, Newby Cross, Orton, Dalston, and most plentifully at 

 Newbiggin. The larvae feed on the Birch, and can easily be 

 obtained by beating the trees over a large piece of wrapper sheeting 

 spread on the ground, which will catch, at the same time, many 

 other larvae not easily to be obtained in any other way. 



Next comes the group of small moths called the Waves. Of 

 this section I have taken here twelve or more species, viz : The 

 Maiden's Blush {Ephyra punctarid) ; The Birch Mocha (E. pendu- 

 larid) ; The Small Yellow Wave {Asthena luieatd) ; The Small 

 White Wave {A. candidatd); The Dingy Shell {Eupisteria heparatd) ; 

 The Dark Cream Wave (Acidalia interjectarid) ; The Dotted Border 

 Cream Wave (A. straininatd) ; The Satin Wave {A. siibsericatd) ; 

 The Cream Wave (A. re^nutatd) ; The Smoky Wave (A. fumatd) ; 

 The Ribbon Wave (A. aversata and var. remuiaid). 



These are very plentiful at Orton and Thurstonfield, and at 

 many other localities where the birch grows commonly, especially 

 at Kingmoor and Newbiggin. They are easily taken, because of 

 their weak flight and their habit of flying for only a short distance. 

 The two varieties last mentioned I have taken together only at 

 Orton. 



The Latticed Heath (Stretiia dathratd) ; The Common Heath 

 {Fidonia atomarid), are both common here ; The Bordered White 

 {F. piniarid) can easily be taken in great numbers on the wing in 

 the fir woods here, and they are also easily reared from the pupa, 

 which may be found by turning over the moss that grows on the 

 ground at the foot of the fir trees, where also may be found at the 

 same time the pupa of the Barred Red, and of the Noctua, the 

 Trachea piniperda. 



The pupa of F. piniaria is very small in proportion to the size 

 of the moth, and it is of a very light green colour with light brown 

 wing cases, and a general bright aspect. It is common at Thurston- 



