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THE GLACIAL DEPOSITS OF WEST CUMBERLAND. 



By J. D. KENDALL, C.E., F.G.S. 



(Communicated at the Carlisle Annual Meeting.) 



CONTENTS. 



1. Introduction — Physical Geography and Physical Geology. 



2. Observed Facts — Extent, Form, and Inner Nature of Deposits. 



3. Deductions — Origin of Boulder Clay, Sand and Gravel, ^c. 



I. Introduction. 



Physical Geography. The surface of West Cumberland is in 

 form extremely varied, and it has a great range of altitude — 

 extending from the sea shore to more than 3000 feet above that 

 level. 



Along the eastern part of the district stand some of the largest 

 mountains of the Lake Country. In the West and North West, 

 between these mountains and the sea, the ground is much lower, 

 lying almost entirely below the five hundred feet contour line, and 

 much of it is within one hundred feet of the sea level. This low 

 ground forms, at the base of the large mountains, a kind of 

 undulating terrace having a general inclination seaward. 



Inland extensions of this lower ground are formed by the valleys 

 which traverse the mountainous part of the district. In some 

 cases these valleys lead almost to the very heart of the higher 

 ground. 



The valleys in the lower ground, when they have certain direc- 

 tions, are as a rule steeper on one side than on the other ; and 

 generally it is found that the more gentle slopes face the sea, whilst 

 the steeper slopes oppose the mountains towards the East. 



