71 



eastward. Take the section shewn in Fig. i as an instance. It 

 is underlaid by Coal Measures ; but the colour of the lower clay 

 in that section is like that of clay found overlying Carboniferous 

 Limestone, which rock actually occurs about a third of a mile to 

 the east of the point at which Fig. i was taken. Then again, the 

 clay overlying the Permian Breccia near Low Wreah is coloured 

 reddish grey, like the Whitehaven Sandstone ; whilst the Breccia 

 is a deep red. Whitehaven Sandstone, however, occurs a short 

 distance away in an easterly direction. 



Associated Phenomena. As bearing on the subject under con- 

 sideration, It may be of advantage to make a few observations on 

 the grooving, smoothing, and rounding which certain rocks in the 

 district have undergone. These phenomena are confined to the 

 higher parts of the district, and may be best seen where the rocks 

 are hardest, as for instance on the Eskdale Granite and the 

 Volcanic rocks of the Borrowdale Series. 



The grooving has already been carefully worked out by the late 

 Rev. J. C. Ward, and therefore little need be said about it here. 

 As a rule, the grooves correspond in direction with that of the 

 valley in which they occur. There are however some exceptions 

 to this in which the grooves or striae are sometimes nearly, at other 

 times quite, at right angles to the valleys. This being so in some 

 cases on very high ground. 



Of the rounding and smoothing of rocks there are some very 

 fine examples, especially in Eskdale and Borrowdale. Generally 

 these effects are produced on the up -valley side of rocks ; but in 

 one place, on the side of Great Arming How, opposite Boot, in 

 Eskdale, they are on the down-valley side. 



In Borrowdale, beside the well-known "Sow's Back" at Grange, 

 there are numerous interesting pieces of rock rounding and 

 smoothing. One of these is shewn in section in Fig. 12. 



Sometimes this smoothing and rounding may be seen beneath 

 deposits of boulder clay. 



Nowhere can the rounding be seen over a large area ; it occurs 

 interruptedly, on knolls and small bosses of rock. The general 

 outline of the valleys is not now affected by it. 



