77 



way into this eddy and be thereby detained, in the same way as 

 pieces of wood are detained in the eddies of a stream. In time 

 they would melt, partly or wholly, and so, on a small area, mingle 

 their stony contents with those of other bergs moving down the 

 fiord which also would be detained in the eddy. Thus we get an 

 explanation of the deposits occurring at one side of the valley ; for 

 bergs entering the eddy would be carried round and detained in 

 the still water near A, Fig. 14. At that time, it must be remem- 

 bered, bergs would be laden largely with sand and gravel, partly 

 gathered up by the glaciers in their passage over the Middle Sands 

 and Gravels, and partly by the icefoot from glacier streams. 



The gravel mounds found on ridges such as that at Cockhow, 

 may have been formed by the stranding of bergs carried into such 

 positions by sea-currents, as these mounds generally occur in 

 places where it is likely that currents would exist at a certain stage 

 of submergence. Take for instance the Cockhow deposit. It lies 

 exactly on the lowest part of the ridge separating Ennerdale from the 

 head of UUdale, down which valley a current wOuld be likely to set 

 after the ridges referred to had become covered with water. One 

 point in connection with this deposit is curious, and that is the 

 existence in it of boulders of St. Bees Sandstone. The altitude 

 of the deposit is about two hundred feet higher than St. Bees. 

 Sandstone has been found in place in the district. This curious 

 fact may have arisen in this way. It is known that large pieces of 

 ice separate from the upper part of icebergs, carrying with them 

 into the water their cargo of stones ; but it is not known that 

 similar pieces of ice separate from the lower part of icebergs, for 

 the simple reason that such a thing cannot be very well observed. 

 But it seems much more likely that masses of ice should be 

 detached from the lower part of icebergs than from their upper 

 part. If so detached, they would at once rise to the surface, 

 bringing with them their imbedded stones, which, as the ice melts, 

 would be dropped on to the bottom of the sea. Pieces of ice thus 

 separating from bergs several hundred feet thick, might bring to 

 the surface stones that had been torn from a glacier bed some 

 hundreds of feet below the surface of the sea ; and these stones 



