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Aspatria and West Newton, Though mainly red, rock of a 

 yellowish-buff colour is occasionally seen, the best example being 

 at "Tom Smith's Leap." South of this point the stone gradually 

 becomes flaggy and shaly, and more and more unfit for building. 

 Some small faults are beautifully shown in the left, or western, bank 

 a Httle beyond a small hut, and just below the sharp easterly bend 

 made by the stream towards Chalk Cottage. At the most easterly 

 point of this bend, above the "old course of the stream," a little 

 Carboniferous Limestone is visible in the high bank, below the 

 glacial drift. This limestone has been formerly burnt for lime, as 

 the adjacent limekiln testifies. On the east side of the road 

 leading to Chalk Cottage, and beside the kiln, the breccia at the 

 base of the St. Bees sandstone may be seen, together with a fault 

 which is probably the result of the union of the smaller ones lower 

 down. Ascending the stream, the Permian beds are still visible in 

 its bed and banks for a few yards more ; buton crossing a small 

 alluvial flat on its eastern side, and reaching a spot at which, as 

 we proceed, we find the beck turning sharply westward, the un- 

 conformity at the junction between the brick-red Permian beds 

 and certain purple-grey and pinkish rocks on which they rest, 

 becomes manifest in the high eastern bank. The footpath now 

 begins to ascend the western bank, and the unconformity between 

 the purple-grey (or Carboniferous) and the brick-red (or Permian) 

 beds is again visible close to the path, as the base of the Permians 

 rises southward higher and higher above the beck. In the bed of 

 the stream purple-grey and light-coloured Carboniferous rocks 

 appear. They have an easterly dip instead of a northerly one ; and, 

 altogether, nothing can be clearer than the unconformity between 

 the two formations and the marked change of colour accom- 

 panying it. But before the road from Rosley Rigg to Near Welton 

 is reached, a fault crossing the stream, with a direction nearly east 

 and west and a downthrow to the south, brings in the Permian 

 rocks again, so that the whole of the field north of the road and west 

 of the beck is covered with fragments of St. Bees Sandstone from 

 the water's edge upwards. A small quarry in the higher part of 

 this field shows that the Permian beds brought in again by this 



