iw 



Explanation of the Figure. 



The annexed stereogiaphic diagram is in- 

 tended to illustrate the general nature of the 

 Pennine Fault, with especial reference to the 

 mode of occurrence of the remnant of Coal 

 Measures faulted in at the foot of Stainmoor. 



The two vertical planes meeting in the angle 

 above (5) and separating the continuous portion 

 from the detached sections, represent the western 

 aspect of the Fault as if exposed to view by the 

 removal of portions of the country extending 

 along its western side. The general level of 

 the great upland tract at the head of Edenside 

 is represented by the upper surface of the con- 

 tinuous part ; while the faulted (?pre-cretaceous) 

 plain of marine denudation extending across the 

 New Red forming the lower ground of that 

 part, and gradually rising as it cuts across the 

 edges of all the older strata until it reaches the 

 summit of the Howgill Fells, is denoted by the 

 inclined plane forming the upper limit of the 

 five blocks. 



The projection at (1) shews the relation of the 

 base of the Mountain Limestone A to the con- 

 torted Silurian strata at Cautlaand Ressondaleon 

 the west side of the Fault, as well as to the equiv- 

 alent geological horizon concealed beneath the 

 newer rocks on the downcast, or east, side of 

 the same line of dislocation. 



(2) Represents the same horizons at one level, 

 near Harcla. 



(3) East of Kaber, shows the Yoredale Rocks 

 B, and then the Millstone Grit C on the west 

 curving downwards past A on the east of the 

 Fault. 



(4) Near Barras, illustrates the occurrence of 

 still higher strata in vertical contact with A. 



(5) Represents in a generalized manner the 

 stratigraphical relations of the Coal Measures 

 D in the neighbourhood of Argill. 



The dotted stratum marked K denotes the 

 New Red, which is she\vn overstepping* the 

 denuded edges of the older rocks, from the 

 highest of the Carboniferous down well nigh to 

 the base. 



The figure also shews the three plains that 

 constitute the broader features of the district ; 

 these are of Pre-Carboniferous, Post-Carbon- 

 iferous, and (?) Pre-Cretaceous age respectively. 

 The extent ol the faulting and disturbance each 

 has undergone prior to its re-exposure by the 

 removal of newer strata is also indicated in a 

 diagrammatic form in the same figure. 



* It would be well to make some distinction between 

 such a case as this, where K is in unconformable contact 

 with various older strata, and that of true Overlap, 

 where the higher members of a continuous series of 

 deposits locally occupy lower horizons through the 

 attenuation of the older members of the same series. 

 We might, also, make use of the correlatives Vnderstep, 

 and Underlap, with advantage to geological nomen- 

 clature in cases of this nature. 



