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may be examined in Hockergill, and Strice Gill, Mousgill, Argill, 

 and Augills in the low ground between Brough and Barras. In 

 the lower part of these sections we get the uppermost beds of the 

 Yoredale Rocks. Then, nearer the faults, comes on bed after bed 

 of the Millstone Grit, stratigraphically identical with the beds 

 occurring on the highest summits of the Carboniferous hills away 

 to the south, but here characterised by various shades of red, due 

 to the infiltration of ferruginous and other matters that had soaked 

 down from the overlying New Red strata before they were denuded 

 from this portion of their surface. Then we get a remnant of beds 

 higher still in the series — beds that have been saved from denuda- 

 tion perhaps at no point nearer than the Ingleton Coal Field, 

 and, like the lower beds, also deeply stained red. Farther, after 

 traversing the outer ends of many hundreds of feet of highly -inclined 

 beds of grit, sandstone, shale, comparatively thin beds of fireclay, 

 and thin bands of clay-ironstone (occasionally with their carbonate 

 of iron exteriorly replaced by the per-oxide of iron filtered down 

 from the New Red), we begin to meet with remarkably thick 

 beds of fireclay, here and there crowded with most beautiful speci- 

 mens of Carboniferous vegetation — numbers of fern-like fragments 

 amongst others. Finally, in following up the section a little further 

 we abruptly find ourselves again face to face with the well-known 

 alternations of limestones, sandstones, and shales of the Lower 

 Carboniferous Series. We have in fact crossed the Fault, and are 

 here standing on rocks that, a few yards farther back, it would have 

 required a bore-hole of well nigh on to a viile in depth to reach. 



No one seems ever to have suspected the existence of veritable 

 Coal Measures anywhere in this neighbourhood ; indeed these very 

 sections had been repeatedly examined by some of our best geolo- 

 gists, and variously referred to the Ash Fell Beds, to the New Red, 

 and to stained Carboniferous rocks of uncertain age. 



But the remarkable degree of stratigraphical uniformity pre 

 vailing throughout the various scattered outliers of Millstone 

 Grit left capping the summits of the fells between this point and 

 Ingleton enabled me at once to identify the lower beds as Millstone 

 Grit, and enabled me further to identify them bed for bed even 



