24 



At Grinsdale we see at Skewbank, the river-cliff on the right bank 

 of the Eden, the upper beds of the Kirklinton Sandstone. At the 

 bend of the river between Grinsdale Church and Skewbank the 

 word " Spa Well " may be seen on the Ordnance Map (6in. to the 

 mile). At Spa Well, water is seen oozing out of a borehole, and 

 the following is an abstract of the section, for which I am indebted 

 to Mr. R. Russell : — 



Soil, Sand, and Gravel ... - 



Blue, Brown, and Red Metal (Stanwix Marls) 

 Kirklinton ( Sandstone White and Grey, with partings 

 Sandstone ( Red Sandstone with partings (left off in) 



A fault of no great size or consequence may be seen on the 

 eastern side of Skewbank. The Kirklinton Sandstone at Skewbank 

 and Grinsdale Church consists of an inlier a few acres in area, and 

 on all sides surrounded by Stanwix Marls ; its shape is that of a 

 low dome. It will have been noticed that the Stanwix Marls are 

 only twenty-three feet thick in the borehole, but its position is too 

 near the sandstone inlier to be any guide to the thickness of the 

 Marls as they may be even a few yards eastward. The sandstone 

 in the boring is evidently all Kirklinton Sandstone, and, judging 

 from the thickness of red stone noted in the lower beds at many 

 places, that formation may attain at Skewbank a thickness of five 

 hundred and fifty or six hundred feet, perhaps more. We have no 

 means of ascertaining whether the Gypseous Shales still continue 

 to exist about Grinsdale beneath the Kirklinton Sandstone. Con- 

 tinuing our journey towards Westlinton, we find that at Lynehow 

 the Kirklinton Sandstone rests directly on that of St. Bees. As 

 nearly as could be ascertained from an examination of the boring 

 cores, one hundred and seventy feet of red Kirklinton Sandstone 

 overlie an unknown thickness of St. Bees, at Lynehow. The total 

 depth of the borehole was two hundred and seventy-six feet six 

 inches, and water rose in it to about nine feet from the surface.* 



* According to Mr. R. Russell, to whom I am indebted for information 

 about this borehole. 



