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well known and understood in its general application, just as at 

 present we speak of the meadows, the commons, or the fells. 



Another form of this word, with the same meaning of enclosure, 

 is found in Garth, as Hall Garth, Garth Nook, Apple Garth, Dale 

 Garth. The word Garth, however, has a closer and more general 

 connexion with our dialect, and I well remember that in the 

 language of our elders the word Garden was almost unknown — it 

 was Garth. And in some parts of Cumberland the Stackyard is 

 the Stackgarth, and the Churchyard is the Kurkgarth in the present 

 day. 



The word Thwaite, a clearing in a forest, also meaning field or 

 enclosure, is a Norse name, which, partly as a suffix and partly as 

 a common noun, is found in very general use in Lakeland. There 

 are a number of fields called the Thwaites on the margin of 

 Coniston lake, at the upper end of it, between the Water Head 

 and Coniston Hall. Here we have it as a common noun. There 

 is a residence called The Thwaite, not far from them. A family 

 called Thwaite has for generations been resident in Coniston. 

 Taking the name, however, as a suffix, we have it everywhere in 

 the Lake Country — Tilberthwaite, Applethwaite, Legberthwaite, 

 Rosethwaite, Stonethwaite, Leathwaite, Finsthwaite. In the dis- 

 trict it might, in proper names, -upon a very moderate calculation 

 be pointed out forty or fifty times. 



Again, there is the word Hatise, which we have very often 

 applied to the mountain passes of Lakeland; and, according to 

 Cleasby, the word Hause (German Hals, the neck,) is in the very 

 same sense applied to the mountain passes which connect the 

 valleys of Iceland. Hence also in Lakeland we have Seatoller 

 Hause, Tvn Hause, Gaits Hause, Hause Water, and The Hause 

 — all descriptive of or closely connected with some mountain 

 pass. 



Tarn, too, is Danish, and seems to come from the same root as 

 our word tear — to describe the tears or tricklings from the rocks. 



Holme is Norse, and we have it also used both as a suffix and 

 as a common noun. There are several holms upon Windermere, 

 and many scattered about in various parts of this district ; while 



