It is not difficult to show that the Celtic must have had an 

 influence in forming the proper names of this district. Cumberland 

 seems to be Cymriland, Cytnri being the name that the Welsh 

 apply to themselves ; and the section of the Celts who inhabited 

 the kingdom of Strathclyde, which included Cumberland and 

 Westmorland, undoubtedly belonged to the Welsh or Cmyric 

 stock. 



We have Welsh cwm, the deep crater in a hill, or the opening 

 between two hills, in the name Black Comb, a portion of which 

 also bears the Welsh name Pen, a head or hill. Pen, a hill, is also 

 applied to an immense mass of rock in Seathwaite. In Tor-pen- 

 how-hill we have four syllables, each of which in its own derivation 

 means hill. AVe have Pen in Penrith, red hill, and Penruddock. 

 Welsh Lyn is I think included in Helvellyn. Cader, a seat in 

 Blencathra, as Cader Idris in Wales, is Arthur's Seat. It seems 

 that Saddleback, the more modern name of the mountain, has 

 retained the same idea of a seat. 



Den is Celtic in Mickleden, at the head of Great Langdale ; and 

 Langdale itself is at times called 'LdiWgden by the old inhabitants. 



Skiddaw, the most striking objects of which from some points of 

 view are its two peaks, contains the Celtic dau, Latin duo, two. 

 There is a mound or cairn of stones upon Skiddaw called Skiddaw 

 Man. We have the same in the man or cairn what give its name 

 to the Old Man of Coniston — alt maen, steep or high cairn. 

 Strath, in Langstrath in Borrowdale, is Celtic; so is Z>hu, in 

 Dhucrags, near Coniston. Dhu, is black, and certainly, so far as 

 I know, there is not a blacker mass of rock in the whole compass 

 of Lakeland. 



Moel is Celtic for round conical hills or cairns ; we have it in 

 Mealsgate, Eskmeals, and Millom, or Meol holm, which is bounded 

 by one continuous fringe of sandhills on the side next the sea 

 shore. 



Dunmail is said to have been a mighty warrior who lost his life 

 in a great battle on Dunmail Raise — the pass that bears his name 

 at the head of Grasmere. I have no wish to disturb his repose. 

 Requiescat in pace. " Nothing he'll reck if they let him sleep on." 



