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by any means plentiful), Bilberry (fine examples near Bowscale 

 Tarn), and Crow-berry, the Ling-berry of shepherds {Etnpetrum 

 nigrum), though this last belongs to a different order. The Bog- 

 Whortleberry is also reputed to grow here ; but, if so, I have not 

 yet seen it. The Fine-Leafed and the Cross-Leafed Heaths, as 

 well as the Common Ling, once so much used for besom-making, 

 are all abundant. A white flowering variety of the Ling is not 

 unfrequent on Broadfield. Of the Gentian family, Gentiana 

 campesfris, Field Gentian, an autumn flowering species, with blue, 

 or purple-tinted flowers, grows on Parkhead. I have also seen it 

 on Middlesceugh pasture. Menyanthes trifoliata, the Bog-Bean, of 

 great repute among rural herbalists as a stomachic, bears one of 

 the handsomest flowers I have ever seen, native or foreign. Found 

 in deep boggy ground. Hyoscyattius niger, Black Henbane, said 

 to be an exceedingly virulent poison, grows on rubbish heaps 

 occasionally on the village greens of both Caldbeck and Dalston. 

 Of the Figwort tribe, Verbasciim thapsus, Mullein, Shepherd's Staff, 

 occurs at intervals in gravelly ground by the Caldew from Sebergham 

 downwards. Linaria cymbalaria, Ivy-Leafed Toad-Flax, must 

 long have been established in the Valley, where it is abundant on 

 old walls about ancient dwellings ; Z. repens, Creeping Toad-Flax, 

 might have better claims to external origin. A small patch of this 

 species grows by the roadside between Buckabank and the river. 

 Of the Speedwells, the Ivy-Leafed species, which flowers early, 

 abounds about Buckabank. Buxbaum's Speedwell, a far finer, as 

 well as more rare species, grew some years back on a heap of 

 builder's rubbish close to the houses at Dalston. Of the Broom 

 Rape family, that curious and elegant parasitic plant, Lathrcea 

 squamaria, or Toothwort, has of late seasons been noticed upon 

 the roots of elm and other trees on both sides of the Raugh, near 

 Gatesgill. 



Of the Labiate order, which comprises all the Mint, Marjoram, 

 and Dead-Nettie tribe, about sixty species in all, not including 

 varieties, brief notice must suffice. Four species of Mint may be 

 set down as of common occurrence. Specimens of Nepela cataria, 

 Catmint, have been recently gathered in the lane leading from Bell- 



