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riety. The different species approximate sometimes so closely 

 that their correct indentification is a very difficult task. Many 

 species adorn the banks of the stream, from the gigantic Crack 

 Willow, Salix fragilis, which, near Gatesgill, attains a height of sixty 

 or seventy feet, to the dwarf Salix herbacea, three or four inches in 

 height, which grows almost at the summit of Skiddaw. Other preva- 

 lent species are the sweet Bay-Leafed Willow, the White Willow, 

 with its variety S. vitellina; the Long-Leafed Triandrous and Purple 

 Willows ; the Common Osier, the Long-Leafed Sallow, the Grey, 

 and Wrinkled-Leafed or Round-Eared Sallow, the Round-Leafed 

 or Great Sallow, the dark Broad-Leafed Willow, and the Creeping 

 Willow, all tolerably distinct species. Of the Conifers, the Common 

 Juniper grows on Carrock, where also occasional specimens of Yew 

 are to be met with. Pond-weeds are plentiful enough, but limited 

 to a ver)- few species. Potamogeton crispus, Curled-Leafed Pond- 

 Weed, abounds in the river. Triglochin palusire, Marsh-Arrow 

 Grass, in uplahd meadows, where moisture is super-abundant. Of 

 native Orchids, the most noteworthy are the pretty little Orchis 

 iistulata, Dwarf Dark -Winged Orchis, which displays its elegant 

 maroon-coloured blossoms, in a meadow known as Fletcher-guards, 

 by Roe-beck, a little below Raughtonhead ; and Habcnaria viridis, 

 Frog Orchis, among the rocks about Parkhead. Epipactis latifolia, 

 Broad-Leafed Helleborine, occasionally shows itself in the vicinity 

 of the river; where, too, the Wild Daffodil and the Snowdrop 

 flourish in early spring. Lilium mariagon, Turk's Cap, a garden 

 escape probably, occurs in the Morell Wood, opposite Holm Hill. 

 The same wood also produces the Alliutn vineale, or Crow Garlic. 

 The Lancashire Bog Asphodel is, often conspicuous in wet 

 meadows adjacent to the hiUs. 



Li the upper part of the Valley, next to the mountains, a good 

 many members of the Juncace^ can be found. The following 

 species of Liizula appear, viz : Z. pilosa, Broad-Leaved Hairy 

 Wood-Rush, in shady woods ; Z. sylvaiica. Great Wood-Rush, in 

 gills ; Z. campestris, Field Wood-Rush, is nearly ubiquitous ; 

 Z. multiflora, v. cofigesta, Many-Flowered Wood-Rush, is also of 

 common occurrence on elevated and moist heaths. The Rushes 



