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the Geology of Cumberland and Westmorland, and will therefore 

 be referred to again in the second part of this paper. The same 

 remark applies to the paper he wrote in conjunction with another 

 well-known geologist, Mr. E. W. Binney of Manchester, on the 

 Fossil Trees of St. Helens, which was published in the Philosophical 

 Magazine for 1845. The year 1845 saw also the publication of the 

 first of his numerous contributions to the Journal of the Geological 

 Society. This treated of the occurrence of fossils in the Boulder 

 Clay, and was followed, the next year, by another discussing the 

 causes that have led to the variations in level of the ocean relatively 

 to the surface of the land. 



In 1848, the family went to reside in Dumfries, where, amongst 

 rocks so entirely different in nearly every respect from the rocks 

 within easy distance of Ormskirk, he found abundant scope for 

 investigation of a different kind. The crushed and contorted 

 Silurian rocks of that part had hitherto seemed to offer to geologists 

 a most unattractive field of research ; for, with the exception of 

 Sedgwick, who had begun a series of traverses and had collected 

 some fossils just before Harkness went there, hardly any geologist 

 had made more than an attempt at unravelling the intricate structure 

 of that very difficult tract. Harkness, it appears, set to work at 

 these at once, and by the time the British Association met at 

 Edinburgh, in 1850, he had succeeded in obtaining a general idea 

 of the structural characteristics of that part, and had, concurrently 

 with Sedgwick's fossil collector, the afterwards well-known John 

 Ruthven of Kendal, succeeded also in collecting from the anthracitic 

 schists of the Moffat rocks many new forms of Graptolites and other 

 fossils, whose very existence in these rocks had only just before 

 been made known by Sedgwick. Sedgwick's account of his own 

 finds, which was given when his specimens were exhibited at the 

 meeting of the British Association referred to, stimulated Harkness 

 to further exertions, and soon after the termination of the meeting 

 he sent his specimens to the celebrated palaeontologist, Mr. J. VV. 

 Salter, to be named. Thenceforward his interest in these singular 

 organisms continued unabated through the remainder of his life. 

 The almost unrivalled collection of Graptolites made by him, and 



