170 



student of British Palaeozoic Geology. Harkness, by diligent 

 search, had succeeded in detecting a few fossils in these rocks, 

 which, for a long time had been regarded as entirely destitute of 

 traces of life of any kind. The very fossils referred to and figured 

 in the paper are now preserved along with the rest of his collection 

 in the Carlisle Museum. 



Another paper on a kindred subject followed shortly after; and 

 then came a paper that has always seemed to me one of the most 

 important of his contributions to the Geological history of Edenside : 

 that on the isolated strip of older pateozoic rocks associated with 

 the great Pennine Faults between Warcop and Gamblesby. As 

 the mapping of the whole of that group of rocks was entrusted 

 officially to my care, I may fairly claim to be in a better position 

 to judge of the merits of the paper referred to than any person at 

 present living ; and it gives me very great pleasure to testify to the 

 great advance it marks beyond any of the contributions of previous 

 writers. Here and there the Geological Survey has been led to 

 differ from the author in matters of minor detail ; but in the main, 

 the points of agreement are so numerous as to form matter for 

 surprise to every one that realises the full extent of the difficulties 

 that Harkness dealt with and overcame single-handed so many 

 years ago. In the second part of this paper I have endeavoured 

 to give an abstract of the general conclusions he arrived at, which 

 will enable the student to judge for himself how great an advance 

 upon our previous knowledge of these rocks this paper of Hark- 

 ness's really marks. 



In 1864 Harkness made an attempt at working out the position 

 of some rocks in the North East of Scotland that had yielded 

 footprints, and other vestiges of animal life, similar in their nature 

 to what had previously engaged his attention in Dumfries. The 

 very problematical nature of these remains from our New Red, 

 which, as I have before taken occasion to remark, are the sole 

 vestiges of the air-breathing animals of that period, stimulated him 

 to undertake further researches in the same direction ; and as it 

 was about this time that he had made the discovery of some foot- 

 prints, probably reptilian in character, in the Penrith Sandstone of 



