208 



Limosella aquatica. Thiirstonfield. 

 Vervain officinalis. Casual, about Knowefield. 

 Lamium maculatum. Grinsdale. 

 L. incisum. Blackwell. 

 Nepeta cataria. Sebergham. 

 Cynoglossum officinale. Dalston. 

 Atriplex habingtonii. Bowness-on-Solway. 

 Polygonum lapathifolium. Kingmoor. 

 Parietaria officinalis. Wetheral Caves. 

 Orchis ustulata. Stainton Banks. 

 Galanthus nivalus. Thickets by the Caldew. 

 Lilium martagon. Koebeck and the Caldew. 

 Allium vineale. Stainton Banks. 

 Acorus calamus. Stonebrigglees. 



W. Duckworth. 



COAL MEASURES BELOW THE NEW RED 

 SANDSTONE. 



An article in the "Carlisle Journal" of September 7th, on "The 

 Trade of West Cumberland," treats, among other matters, of the 

 prospects of finding coal north of the line of fault which at present 

 bounds the coal-workings on the north from Maryport to, and 

 east of, Brayton. The writer remarks: — "Since the Earl of 

 Lonsdale bored near St. Bees and about five miles from White- 

 haven, on the southern portion of the Cumberland Coal-fields, and 

 found coal at a great depth underlying the New Red Sandstone, it 

 has frequently been stated by engineers that the great fault would 

 cause coal to be found to the north as well as to the south. 

 Under these circumstances, it is highly probable that the Cumber- 

 land Coal-field extends much nearer Carlisle than is generally 

 supposed." 



The remarks quoted seem to imply a notion that the faulted 

 line in question is not altogether one whose general effect is as 

 obvious as that of one of the numerous faults which affect only the 

 Coal-Measures. Tl^js faulted boundary, however, is a simple line 

 of dislocation without any mysterious influences ; and it forms the 



