84 



The Barberry, Berberis vulgaris, the only British plant in its 

 order, and noted for the tonic properties of its bark, grows about 

 Kingmoor House and Cumwhinton Lonning. 



The White Water Lily, Nytnphcea alba, at Moss Pool; the 

 Yellow one, N. liitea, in Brunstock Beck. The former is often 

 referred to by botanists when evolution is talked about, as showing 

 the gradual transformation of stamens into petals. 



Two of the Poppies are common with us, the Long Smooth- 

 headed, Papaver dubiutn, and the Common Red, P. rhceas. Cheli- 

 donium, or Celandine, C. majus, a plant full of a thick yellow 

 juice, said to be effective in the curing of warts, may be found in 

 a hedge near St. Ann's, and other places ; generally near houses. 



Of the Fumitory order, leaving out the common ones, which are 

 to be found in every cornfield, we have in one of the Stainton 

 lanes the White Climbing Corydalis, C. daviculata ; while the 

 Yellow one, C. lutea, seems to have naturalised itself about some 

 garden walls in Stanwix. 



Among the order CruciferjE, the Shepherd's Purse is every- 

 where met with in its infinite variety of forms, from a dwarfed 

 specimen an inch or two in height on a dry wall, to one as many 

 feet in rich soil. In this plant is found occasionally the rare 

 occurrence of petals reverting to stamens, and that you must look 

 for on very poor plants. Scurvy Grass, Cochleria officinalis, is to 

 be found about Rockcliffe, common by the sides of creeks on the 

 marsh ; the Large-Flowered Bitter Cress, Cardamine amara, on the 

 Scar and Stainton Banks ; the Cuckoo Flower or Ladies' Smock, 

 "all silver white," in all our damp meadows ; the Water Cress, 

 Nasturtium officinalis, is common, and the Marsh Yellow Cress, 

 N. palustre, in a pond near the Midland Railway Station at 

 Scotby. 



The Wallflower, Cheiranthus cheiri, on the cliffs at Rockcliff is 

 very fine ; and the walls of our own Castle used to be a station for 

 it. In an old book, written about 1819 or 1820, containing an 

 account of an American's rambles in this part of Britain, the writer 

 says, speaking of Carlisle Castle, " The matted ivy is seen creeping 

 over its walls in wildest luxuriance, as if to conceal the ravages 



