195 



Tyne Bottom Mine near Alston, and in a cross-vein in connection 

 with the Copper Mines at Coniston, just outside the district herein 

 more especially referred to. It usually occurs in association with 

 the vein-stuff in faults, in the form of an earthy, powdery, or 

 chalky-looking encrustation, with a general tint of peach-blossom 

 red, which ranges in one direction to pale puce, and in the other 

 to carnation. The mineral is rare at each locality named, and it 

 does not occur in well-crystallized forms at any one of them. 



Pharmacosiderite, the Hydrous Iron Arsenate, occurs in the 

 form of small cubes of a brilliant lustre, and a dark sage-green 

 colour, Hning cavities in ferruginous rider in Burdle Gill. This 

 seems to be the only known locality in the district under notice. 



Olivenite, the Hydrous Copper Arsenate, occurs at Tyne 

 Head Mine, Alston, also in connection with mineral veins. It 

 occurs along with Malachite in minute acicular crystals, of a sage- 

 green or olive-green tint, and highly lustrous, lining cavities in the 

 rider or vein-stuff. Another locality for this mineral is Goldscope 

 Mines, near Keswick. It does not appear yet to have been 

 detected in the Caldbeck Fell area ; though all the conditions 

 requisite for its formation appear to be present at several localities, 

 especially at Brandy Gill. 



Phosphates. 



Apatite, Calcium Phosphate, is found in the form of rather 

 small prismatic crystals, dispersed, in places somewhat plentifully, 

 throughout the granite of the Brandy Gill area. 



Pyromorphite, Green Ore, which is usually regarded simply as 

 a Lead Phosphate, is found, in some abundance, in the vein-stuff 

 of the higher parts of the Rowtin Gill area, especially near the 

 surface. It is usually in the form of very perfect prisms, varying 

 in tint from yellow of various shades to dull green. In small 

 quantities it is occasionally met with at several other mines in the 

 district adjoining ; and it occurs also, in smaller quantities still, in 

 the lead veins of the Alston district, as well as those of the Escarp- 

 ment. Small crystals are now and then met with at Helton, east 

 of Appleby ; but in nothing like the same perfection as the crystals 



