usually occur under stones in yards, but are frequently found in the 
fields, and will be recognized from the little pyramids of fine grains of 
soil which surround the entrances to the excavations. If these colonies 
be opened, they will be found to contain workers and usually one or 
more very much larger gravid females. This species, when occurring 
in houses, can often be traced to its outdoor colony, and the destruction 
of this will prevent further trouble. 
THE PAVEMENT ANT. 
The pavement ant of our eastern cities (Tetramorium eespitum L.) 
(fig. 3) is in Europe the common meadow ant and is two or three 
times larger than either of the other species referred to. It was early 
introduced into this country and, while not yet reported from the West, 
is very common in eastern towns, and particularly here in Washington. 
It has readily accommodated itself to the conditions of urban existence 
Fig. 3.—The pavement ant (Tetramorium cceespitum): a, winged female; b, same without wings; 
c, male; d, worker; e, larva of female; f, head of same; g, pupaofsame. Allenlarged (author's 
illustration). 
and commonly has its colonies under pavements, where it is often diffi- 
cult of access, or beneath flagging or stones in yards. It is often a more 
persistent and pestilent house nuisance than the true house ant. 
This seems to be the species referred to by Kalm,! in 1748, as often 
occurring in houses in Philadelphia and manifesting a great fondness 
for sweets. He records also some interesting experiments made by 
Mr. (Benjamin?) Franklin, indicating the ability of these ants to com- 
municate with one another. 
The colonies of the pavement ant are often large, and they may be 
frequently uncovered in masses of a quart or more on turning over stones 
in yards or lifting flagging in paths. 
Often with little difficulty this ant may be traced to its nest, which, 
if accessible or not thoroughly protected by unbroken pavement, as of 
asphalt, can be rather easily exterminated. So well established is the 
species, however, that new colonies will usually soon take the place of 
those destroyed. 
1Kalm’s Travels, Vol. I, p. 238. 
