6 
this Apanteles is a chalcis fly, Pteromalus puparum Linn. (fig. 5), 
noticed in this country in 1869, having evidently been imported with 
its host. 
Wasps, particularly Polistes pallipes Lepel., and related forms are 
also of great service in reducing the numbers of this and other cabbage 
worms, appearing to prefer them to other prey. 
A small, evil-smelling plant-bug, Phymata wolff Stal. (fig. 6), 
secretes itself in flowers, such as thistle and goldenrod, and destroys 
numbers of the butterflies, capturing them and sucking out their vital 
fluids. 

Fia. 5.—Pteromalus puparum: female at left; male at right—highly magnified (original). 
Numerous other enemies attack this cabbage worm in addition to the 
ones that have been enumerated,? and it is sometimes subject to a con- 
tagious bacterial disease? similar 
to that of the cabbage looper.“ It 
is, however, less susceptible to this 
malady, and is seldom destroyed in 
any numbers by it. The parasitic 
flies can be encouraged by collect- 
ing the larve and chrysalides of 
Fia. 6.—Phymata wolffiti: a, dorsal view; b, lat- the cabbage butterfly and placing 
eral view; c, front leg; d, snout—a, b, enlarged; them in barrels or boxes covered 
c, d, more enlarged (from Riley). : é : : 
with coarse mosquito netting, which 
will prevent the butterflies from escaping when they develop and per- 
mit the much smaller parasites to issue and continue their good work. 

REMEDIES. 
In the treatment of this species it should be kept in mind that other 
‘“worms’’ and other cabbage pests are more often present than not. 
Arsenicals.—The best remedy is one of the arsenicals; and Paris 
ereen and arsenate of lead are preferred to othersincommonuse. Ifthe 
former is used it may be applied either dry or wet, preferably, however, 

aAmong other predaceous enemies observed in this country are the wheel bug (Aridus 
cristatus Linn.) and the armed soldier bug (Podisus spinosus Dall.). The cabbage worm is 
also parasitized by the Tachina fly Zrorista vulgaris Fall. The writer has a list of 10 addi- 
tional European parasites. 
b Micrococcus pieridis Burrill. 
¢ Autographa (Plusia) brassice Riley. 
