ing full growth in the central districts by the middle of June. It 
transforms to chrysalis within an elongate, cocoon-like cell con- 
structed of its own frass and particles of bark attached with gum and 
threads of silk, and remains in this stage some three weeks. The 
males appear a few days earlier than the females. 
The full-grown larva attains a length of about an inch, is rather 
robust, of a yellowish white color, with head and first segment brown. 
PREVENTIVE MEASURES. 
There is a great diversity of opinion as to the merits of the various 
preventive measures which have been suggested and practiced by dif- 
ferent growers or economic entomologists and the results obtained by 
different individuals and from different regions are very much in con- 
flict. This is doubtless to be explained by the differences in climate, 
care of application, or details of treatment which do not appear in the 
published accounts. One is not, therefore, obliged to discard a method 
as useless because some one experimenter bas difficulty with it, but 
under such circumstances it is always advisable to make a careful pre- 
hminary test with a few trees before making a general application to 
an orchard. 
Of the numerous mechanical and similar methods of preventing 
damage by the peach-tree borer the oldest and still one of the best is 
the process of mounding up earth about the trunks of the trees to a 
height of ten or more inches early in June and removing it again in 
the fall. This method is inexpensive and will protect the trees from 
a large percentage of the borers. It has been followed for nearly : 
hundred years, but perhaps it is not used now as much as formerly. 
As pointed out by Slingerland, it is especially of value in the case of 
nursery stock, where more artificial and possibly more efficient appli- 
cations are impracticable. 
Of the same order is the method recommended by Harris as early as 
1826, which consists in removing a little of the earth from about the 
base of the tree and surrounding the trunk with a strip of sheathing 
paper 8 or 9 inches wide and extending 2 inches below the soil, secured 
with strings above and by replacing the soil about the trunk below. 
Any heavy paper or tarred roofing paper will answer the purpose. 
These wrappings may be removed in winter and renewed in June. 
The idea of a more durable wrapping of this sort early suggested 
itself, and the late Dr. Lintner was perhaps the first to experiment 
with wire netting. Cylinders of window screen wire 15 inches in 
height were tied about the trees very much as the paper applications 
mentioned above. More careful experimentation in late years, es- 
pecially by Mr. Slingerland, has demonstrated that wire netting is of 
no protection whatever, for, while the eggs can not be laid on the trunk 
[Cir. 54] 
