THE GENERA OF BRITISH MOTHS. 41 
PLATE XVI. 
No. 1.—The Early Chestnut (Cerastia Leucographa). ! No. 7.—The Red Chestnut (Glea Rubricosa). 
No. 2 (misnumbered 22),—The True Lover's Knot (Lyco- No, 8.—The Caterpillar of the Red Chestnut. 
photia Porphyrea). No. 9.—The Clouded Drab (Orthosia Instabilis). 
No, 3.—The Caterpillar of the True Lover’s Knot. No. 10.—A pale variety of the Clouded Drab. 
No. 4.—The Hebrew Character (Semiphora Gothica). | No. 11.—The Common Quaker (Orthosia Stabilis). 
No, 5.—The Pine Beauty (Panolis Piniperda). No. 12.—The Blossom Underwing (Orthosia Miniosa). 
No. 6.—The Caterpillar of the Pine Beauty. No. 13.—The Caterpillar of the Blossom Underwing. 
In the recent remodellings to which the difficult groups I am now describing have been subjected, more than one 
extensive genus has been reduced to a single species, so that, with the view of obtaining a good general idea of the 
relative affinities of nearly allied species, it will be found more instructive to look to the groupings of families and 
sub-families than to separate genera. 
The genus Cerastia is at present confined to a single species, which, by some authors, is now placed in the 
genus, or sub-genus, Teniocampa; but in the collection of the British Museum it is considered entirely distinct, 
and not even male one of the genera in the sub-family of Orthosidi. 
Cerastia Leucographa (No. 1), tie specific name of which is by no means descriptive, inasmuch as it las no 
conspicuous white mark, is known to collectors as the Early Chestnut, and appears in March and April. The 
Caterpillar, according to Treitschke, is green, sprinkled with brown and white dots, and has a rust-coloured stripe 
bordered with black running along the line of the spiracles, It has been found in Westmoreland, and also in the 
neighbourhood of Dorking and Marlow. 
The genus Lycophotia, which, like the preceding one, contains only a single British species, has been moved to 
many different positions in tle various modern systems of classification, but the situation in which it is placed, 
according to the system I am following, appears upon the whole the most natural. Lycophotia Porphyrea (the True 
Lover's Knot, No. 2) is a small but very elegantly marked insect, and is found on heaths about the end of July, 
being rather rare. The Caterpillar (No, 3) feeds upon various heath-growing plants, and is found in May or June. 
The second sub-family of the Noctuide is termed Orthosidi, containing many of the genera of the Orthoside 
of other arrangements. 
The first genus, Semiphoraz, is represented by a single species, which is found to differ from the 
Graphipore by the form of the anterior wings, and from the whole of the genus Orthosia by the remarkable 
distinctness of its maculations. It is from the last characteristic that the name Semiphora, from Greek words 
meaning “mark bearing,” is derived. Seiphora Gothica (the Hebrew Character, No. 4) is not rare, and appears to 
be double brooded, as Boisduval gives both spring and autumn as the times of its appearance, but it is most usually 
found in April. The Caterpillar, according to Treitschke, is yellowish green, sprinkled with whitish specks or 
freckles, and having a dorsal and sub-dorsul stripe of dull yellow, and a white line at the side. It feeds on the Oak, 
and also on various herbaceous plants, such as Galium, ete, 
The genus Panolis is a very distinct one, and somewhat difficult to lucate satisfactorily; but tue present position 
appears as good as any proposed, though it has been suggested that it might have been placed next after Lycoph:tia, 
M 
