134 THE GENERA OF BRITISH MOTHS. 
ORDER LEPIDOPTERA. (mrtcro-LerrpopTrra.) 
SUB-DIVISION ITV.—LEPIDOPTERA VESPERTINA. 
FAMILY I—TORTRICIDZ. 
The family Tortricide, though much restricted in modern arrangements. still contains a considerable 
number of insects, all of which have a strong family likeness, the chief characteristics being the following. With 
the exception of the Green Silver-lines they are all of comparatively small size, and all have the peculiar 
waved outline of the front cf the anterior wings (sometimes curiously notched in the margin), which, when they 
are closed gives the whole insect a bell-like form which is unmistakeable. The antenne are simple or but slightly 
ciliated. The abdomen is both short and slender, the thorax rarely crested. The Caterpillars are smooth and 
have the full complement of sixteen fect. They are nearly all leaf rollers, from which the name Tortrix, first 
applied by Linnzeus himself, is derived, which corresponds to the Tordeuses of Latreille, who also took this habit 
of the group as a family distinction. Some of them, however, feed in the pulpy part of fruit. 
The first sub-family of the Tortricide is that of the Cymbidi, containing those species which have green 
wings, and which are tolerably distinct from the rest of the family, especially the two large species of Hylophila. 
The genus Hylophila. The insects comprised in this genus present many aberrant characters which 
distinguish them from the rest of the Zortricide, They are superior in size; and in the preparatory stages, the 
peculiar form of the Caterpillar, getting gradually thinner towards the tail, caused Reaumur to distinguish them 
as fish-formed Caterpillars, Chenilles en forme de poisson. The Chrysalis isin the form of a reversed boat, 
attached, keel uppermost, to a leaf. The green colour of the wings is also a conspicuous distinction. 
Hylophila prasinana (the Green Silver-lines). The Caterpillar of this beautiful insect (No. 6) feeds on the 
foliage of Oak, Ash, and other trees, in July and August, forming its cocoon upon a leafas shown at No. 7. The 
Moth appears in the following May. It is common in well wooded districts near London. 
Hylophila Quercana (the Scarce Silver-lines, No. 8). The Caterpillar (No. 9) feeds upon Oak and other 
trees in May, and the perfect insect appears in July. The Chrysalis (No. 10) is beautifully tinted with green. It 
is much more rare than the preceding species, especially near London. 
The genus arias. The insects assigned to this genus are much smaller than those of the genus Hylophila. 
They have the palpi shorter and stouter ; the antenne are slightly pubescent in the males, and the fore wings are 
not banded with white. The Caterpillar is attennated towards the tail, and feeds among leaves webbed together. 
The cocoon is firm and boat-shaped as in Hylophila. There is but one British species. 
Earias clorana (the Cream-bordered Green Pea). The Caterpillar of this delicately coloured little Moth 
feeds on the foliage of different kinds of Willow, in August, and the Moth appears in the following May, and also 
in June and July. It is common in Osier beds. The cocoon is figured at No, 13. 
The second sub-family of the Tortricide is that of the Tortricidi, containing the typical Tortrices. There 
are in this Sub-Family several genera and sub-genera, some of them containing many species. 
The genus Tortriz. In this genus the antenne are pubescent in the males, the palpi are longer than the 
head ; the head is thickly tufted. The wings are without the bands or front borders of the two preceding genera. 
The Caterpillars are similar in structure to the last described, but the Chrysalides have the abdominal segments 
serrated, which is not the case in either of the preceding genera. ‘ 
Tortriz viridana (the Pea Green T., No. 14). The Caterpillar of this insect is green, getting yellowish 
towards the tail, and sprinkled with black spots, the head being brown. It feeds on Oak, Hornbeam, &e. in 
May and June, the perfect Moth appearing in June and July. It is abundant everywhere. 
Tortriz palleana (the Plain Yellow T., No. 15). This pretty insect is somewhat rare. It has been taken 
in July and August near Dover. There are two other species, 7. ieterana (the Jaundiced T.), and 7. viburnana 
(the Drab T.). 
