CHUM NE Y¥ S. It 
in paffing by the fire, and the contents of the funnel is by 
that means lefs different in levity from the furrounding 
atmofphere, and its force in drawing confequently weaker. 
Hence if too large an opening be given to chimneys in 
upper rooms, thofe rooms will be {moky: On the other 
hand, if too {mall openings be given to chimneys in the 
lower rooms, the entering air operating too direétly and 
violently on the fire, and afterwards ftrengthening the 
draft as it afcends the funnel, will confume the fuel too 
rapidly. . 
Remedy. As different circumftances frequently mix’ 
themfelves in thefe matters, it is difficult to give precife 
dimenfions for the openings of all chimneys. Our fathers 
made them generally much too large; we have leffened 
them; but they are often ftill of greater dimenfion than 
they fhould be, the human eye not being eafily reconciled 
to fudden and great changes. If you fufpe& that your 
chimney {mokes from the too great dimenfion of its open= 
ing, contract it by placing moveable boards fo as to lower 
and narrow it gradually, till you find the fmoke no longer 
iffues into the room. The proportion fo found will be that 
which is proper for that chimney, and you may employ the 
bricklayer or mafon to reduce it accordingly. However, 
as, in building new houfes, fomething muft be fometimes 
hazarded, I would make the openings in my lower rooms 
about thirty inches fquare and eighteen deep, and thofe 
in the upper, only eighteen inches fquare and not quite fo 
deep; the intermediate ones diminifhing in proportion as 
the height of funnel diminifhed. In the larger openings, 
billets of two feet long, or half the common length of cord- 
wood, may be burnt conveniently; and for the {maller, 
fuch wood may be fawed into thirds. Where coals are the 
fuel, the grates will be proportioned to the openings. 
The fame depth is nearly neceffary to all, the funnels be- 
ing all made of a fize proper to admit a chimney-{weeper. 
If in large and elegant rooms cuftom or fancy fhould re- 
B 2 quire 
