4 
be employed. Good quality stone lime should be secured and slaked 
ina small quantity of water, say one-third the full dilution. The sul- 
phur, previously mixed up into a stiff paste, should be added at once 
to the slaking lime. The whole mixture should be boiled for at least 
one hour, either in an iron kettle over a fire out of doors or in barrels 
by steam. Prolonged boiling increases the percentage of the higher 
sulphides, but the practical end is obtained with a boiling of the time 
indicated. In the process of making, the color changes from yellow 
to the clear brown of sulphide of lime, except for the excess of lime 
floating in it. After an hour’s boiling the full quantity of cold water 
ean be added, and the mixture should then be promptly applied in 
order to get its full strength before the higher sulphides are lost by 
cooling and crystallizing out. In transferring to the spray tank it 
should be passed through an iron screen or strainer, and the tank itself 
should be provided with an effective agitator. 
The wash is a winter application and can not be applied to trees in 
leaf. It may be applied at any time after the falling of foliage in 
early winter and prior to the swelling of the buds in spring. It will 
probably be necessary also to make this application every year, or at 
least as often as the San Jose scale develops in any numbers. The 
wash kills the San Jose scale not only by direct caustic action, but also 
by leaving a limy coating on the trees, which remains in evidence until 
midsummer or later and kills or prevents the settling of any young 
scale insects which may come from parents escaping the winter action. 
The wear on pumps and nozzles can be kept to a minimum by care- 
fully washing the apparatus promptly after use. The Vermorel nozzle 
is the best one for the wash, and additional caps may be secured to re- 
place wornones. The use of an air or other gas pressure pump instead 
of the ordinary liquid pump will save the wear of the lime on the pump. 
In spraying with this wash clothing is ruined, and only the oldest gar- 
ments should be worn. Care should be taken also to protect the eyes 
to avoid unnecessary inflammation. 
The soap treatment.—Whale-oil or fish-oil soap, preferably made 
with potash lye, is dissolved in water by boiling at the rate of 2 pounds 
of soap to the gallon of water. If applied hot and on a comparatively 
warm day in winter, it can be easily put on trees with an ordinary 
spray pump. On avery cold day, or with a cold solution, the mixture 
will clog the pump, and difficulty will be experienced in getting it on the 
trees. Treesshould be thoroughly coated with this soap wash. Pear trees 
and apple trees may be sprayed at any time during the winter. Peach 
trees and plum trees are best sprayed in the spring, shortly before the 
buds swell. If sprayed in midwinter or earlier, the soap solution seems 
to prevent the development of the fruit buds, and a loss of fruit for one 
year is apt to be experienced, the trees leafing out and growing, how- 
ever, perhaps more vigorously on this account. ‘The soap treatment is 
