2 
hours, then add enough water to make 80 gallons of the solution. 
Strain through burlaps and apply milk warm, using only on deciduous 
trees and when the said trees are dormant. This formula is that given 
by Mr. H. B. Muscott, then chairman of the San Bernardino County 
Board of Horticultural Commissioners, who reported that the wash was 
prepared by a practical chemist employed by the commissioners and 
furnished at cost in concentrated form, and was extremely successful. 
A description furnished by H. P. Stabler, of Yuba City, Cal., of the 
method of making the California wash by means of a twelve-horsepower 
boiler and attached pipes and hot water tank was also given, an appa- 
ratus by means of which 800 gallons of the wash could be prepared at 
one time. 
Oregon wash.—Sulphur, 15 pounds; slaked lime, 15 pounds; blue- 
stone, 14 pounds; water to make 100 gallons. Prepared in the same 
way as the California wash. This mixture is interesting as representing 
a distinct variation in ingredients. It has little if any excess of hme, 
and the bluestone, which takes the place of the salt, probably does not 
add to the value as an insecticide and increases the difficulty of prepa- 
ration. It is little employed. 
RESULTS OF THESE TESTS. 
The trial with these two washes was made November 17, 1894. 
They were used on peach and other fruit trees at the strength recom- 
mended in California and Oregon, and also at double this strength. 
The treated trees were carefully examined a month later, December 15, 
and only a very small percentage of the scales were found affected, not 
more than on untreated trees. The same results were seen with both 
strengths; in other words, the double strength was no more effective 
than the ordinary strength used on the Pacific coast. The trees were 
still whitened with the wash. These conditions had not changed at 
the time the orchard was given the general spraying with soap toward 
the end of April, 1895, which prevented following the action of these 
washes further. 
INEFFECTIVENESS BELIEVED TO BE DUE TO CLIMATE. 
The explanation which naturally suggested itself for the apparent 
failure of these Pacific coast washes to be effective in the East was in 
the difference in the climate between the two regions, and especially as 
earlier experiments (January-March, 1894) with the lime, sulphur, and 
salt wash conducted by the writer against the so-called West Indian 
peach scale (Diaspis pentagona) had shown similar unsatisfactory 
results.t In California these washes are applied in the dry season, and 
a long period may follow without rain. Inthe East a period more than 
1Insect Life, Vol. III, pp. 118-119. 
