5 
to be killed completely ; no insects were found on the young, vigorous shoots or 
older wood. The trees were still whitened with the wash, which had not been 
carried off to any great extent by the heavy rains of April 11 and 12. The 
infested trees, especially those that had been pruned back, made a very vigorous 
growth, and the fruiting and growth of the others were entirely satisfactory. 
In this experiment, which differed so remarkably in results from other experi- 
ments made in the East with this substance, it must be noticed that the weather 
conditions were exceptionally favorable. The application was made on March 23, 
and no washing rains followed until April 11 or 12, the light rain and snow of 
the 25th and 26th of March being not enough to vitiate the wash particularly, as 
very little of the snow rested on the trees, and much that did gain lodgment fell 
or was blown off subsequently. A very light shower occurred on April 4, but 
the first heavy downpour and long rain occurred on the night of April 11. 
This experiment would seem to indicate that if one could count on a week or 
two of good weather following an application, the lime, sulphur, and salt wash 
might be as beneficial in the East as on the Pacific coast. Its cost is inconsider- 
able compared with the other treatments for the San Jose scale. 
During the summer of 1900 the writer spent considerable time in California 
and saw a great many deciduous orchards that had been treated with the lime, 
sulphur, and salt wash. This treatment had been made in the winter or early 
in the spring, before the trees had begun to leaf out, and at the end of August 
the trees were still distinctly whitened by the application, there having been no 
rains in the interim to remove it from the bark. Under such circumstances it is 
plainly to be seen that this wash has the maximum chance of effectiveness, and 
that it is thoroughly effective under these conditions, is beyond question. Its 
effectiveness is undoubtedly, in the first instance, chiefly due to the direct insec- 
ticidal action of the mixture; and possibly, secondarily, in protecting the tree 
by the limy and sulphurous coating, which remains for months and is undoubt- 
edly distasteful to the young scales coming from old individuals which may have 
escaped, and perhaps retains enough of its insecticidal value to destroy many of 
them. 
RECOMMENDATIONS BASED ON THESE EXPERIMENTS. 
On the strength of these experiments the lime, sulphur, and salt 
wash has been since recommended by us, as already stated, as a remedy 
for San Jose scale in the East, with the understanding that unfavorable 
weather conditions, that is, heavy rains, immediately following treat- 
ment, may very probably decrease the benefits to be derived from it. 
That under favorable conditions its use may be thoroughly satisfactory, 
as much so as kerosene or crude petroleum, was fully demonstrated. 
WORK DONE BY OTHER EXPERIMENTERS. 
In the winter of 1901-02 Prof. S. A. Forbes instituted certain experi- 
ments with the California and Oregon washes, and his results of a 
highly satisfactory nature are given in Bulletins 71, 72, and 80 of the 
Illinois Agricultural Experiment Station. In brief, these seem to indi- 
cate that either the California wash or the Oregon wash, the preference 
in the later publications being given to the former, can be used under 
Eastern conditions with the probability of satisfactory results irrespec- 
tive of weather conditions; in other words, Professor Forbes’ experi- 
ments were directed particularly to determine whether washing with 
