60 MODERN CLASSIFICATION OF INSECTS. 
Orver TRICHOPTERA* Wirby. 
(Evincuta Retzius, NEUROPTERA PLiciPENNES Latreille, SYNISTATA 
p- Fabricius, NeuRorrera p. Linn., TricnopTera p. MacL.) 
CuaAr. Wings four, membranous; the anterior generally pilose, with 
branching nerves ; the posterior larger, and folded when at rest. 
Prothorax very short. 
Tibize with long calcaria at the tip, and often beyond the middle 
of the limb in the four posterior legs. 
Mouth unfitted for mastication ; mandibles rudimental. 
Larva hexapod, ordinarily residing in a case formed of various 
materials, in which it retains its station by means of two 
hooked anal processes. 
Pupa incomplete, inactive during the greater period of its exist- 
ence. 
The insects of this order are the well-known caddice-flies, or water 
moths of the angler; their larva being called cads, or cad-bait, and 
residing in portable tubes, composed of various extraneous materials. 
The body of the perfect insect ( fig. 67.1. Phryganea grandis) is of 
a leathery consistence, and thickly clothed with hair; the head small 
( fig. 67. 2, head of ditto in front), with prominent semiglobular eyes, 
and three+ ocelli. ‘The antenne are as long as, often much longer 

*Breriocr. ReErer. TO THE TRICHOPTERA. 
Pictet. Recherches pour servir al’Hist. et a l?Anat. des Phryganides. Geneva, 
1834. 4to. pp. 235, 20 pl. — Ditto, in Mém. Soe. Hist. Nat. Généve, tom. vii. 
Stephens. Illustrations Brit. Ent., vol. vi. 
Curtis. Brit. Entom., and in Lond and Edinb. Phil. Mag., Feb. and March, 1834. 
Percheron. Genera des Insectes Olostomis [Holostomis phalenoides nec daurica] 
Neur., pl. 3. (See Mannerheim (Rev. Critique, p. 21.) as to the specific synonyms 
of this genus). 
Dalman. Mém. Acad. Stockholm, 1819. Analecta Entomol. (Hydroptila. ) 
Fischer. FEXntom. de la Russie. 3 vols., 4to. Moscow. 
Savigny. Description de ’ Egypte. 
Geoffroy, Linneus, Schiffer, Scopoli, Gmelin, Villers, Olivier (Enc. Méth, tom. vi. ), 
Fabricius, Leach. 
+ M. Pictet states, “ On voit sur le front deus petits yeux lisses” ( Recherch. 
Phryg.). 'Vhis is true; but there is a third ocellus between the base of the antennze 
in many species, forming, with the two on the forehead, a large triangle; but Curtis 
deseribes the Limnephili and Leptoceri as having only two ocelli. 
